Health Protective Behavior in Occupational Health Practice: A Concept Analysis

Health protective behavior (HPB) is critical in reducing occupational accidents and diseases, yet prior research lacks conceptual clarity. Existing definitions vary widely, ranging from compliance with medical advice to broader hazard avoidance, and fail to holistically address occupational contexts. These inconsistencies hinder the development of targeted interventions and standardized practices in workplace health protection. This study aims to analyze and redefine HPB within occupational health practice to address these gaps.

Using Walker and Avant's concept analysis framework, a systematic literature review was conducted across PubMed, SCOPUS, CINAHL, and other databases. After screening 1370 records, 19 articles met the inclusion criteria. Data were analyzed to identify defining attributes, antecedents, consequences, and empirical referents.

Five key attributes characterize HPB: (1) proactive assessment and control of environmental hazards, (2) compliance with safety guidelines, (3) concern for the social environment, (4) personal health practices, and (5) health maintenance. Ten antecedents were identified, including hazard awareness, access to resources, self-efficacy, workplace safety climate, etc. Six consequences emerged, such as enhanced well-being, reduced occupational risks, cost savings, and improved quality of life, etc. Model, borderline, and contrary cases further clarified the concept. HPB was redefined as majorly focused on behaviors integrating hazard control, safety adherence, social engagement, and health preservation.

This analysis provides a unified conceptualization of HPB, addressing prior ambiguities. The findings offer a foundation for developing interventions, instruments, and policies to strengthen occupational health practices. Future research should explore contextual factors influencing HPB and test targeted strategies to promote worker safety and well-being.