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Ascaroside#18 Promotes Plant Defence by Repressing Auxin Signalling.

Sharon Letia1, Sabarna Bhattacharyya2, Badou Mendy1

  • 1INRES, Molecular Phytomedicine, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.

Physiologia Plantarum
|July 11, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Ascaroside#18, a nematode pheromone, triggers plant immunity by suppressing auxin signaling, not typical pathogen-triggered immunity responses. This novel mechanism enhances resistance to cyst nematodes without activating classical defenses.

Keywords:
ascr#18auxin signallingplant resistanceplant‐parasitic nematodessusceptibility factors

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Area of Science:

  • Plant immunity and molecular mechanisms of pathogen resistance.
  • Nematode-plant interactions and host defense strategies.
  • Plant hormone signaling, specifically auxin transport and regulation.

Background:

  • Plant immunity relies on recognizing pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs).
  • Ascaroside#18 is a nematode pheromone identified as a PAMP, inducing resistance via NILR1 and pattern-triggered immunity (PTI).
  • The downstream molecular events following ascr#18 perception are not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying ascr#18-induced plant immunity.
  • To investigate the downstream signaling pathways activated by ascr#18 perception.
  • To determine if the ascr#18 resistance mechanism against cyst nematodes (CN) involves typical PTI features or auxin signaling.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of immune responses triggered by ascr#18, including reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst and growth inhibition.
  • Investigating the role of the peroxisomal β-oxidation pathway in ascr#18 resistance.
  • Transcriptome profiling of Arabidopsis roots treated with ascr#18 to identify affected genes.
  • Analysis of CN feeding sites and promoter-reporter assays to assess gene expression changes (e.g., AUX1, SAUR69, IAA27).

Main Results:

  • Ascaroside#18 triggers an immune response distinct from typical PTI, lacking ROS burst and growth inhibition.
  • The resistance mechanism against CN is independent of the peroxisomal β-oxidation pathway.
  • Transcriptome analysis revealed significant regulation of auxin transport and signaling genes, with no change in classical defense genes.
  • Downregulation of auxin-related genes, including AUX1, SAUR69, and IAA27, was observed and confirmed via reporter assays, independent of NILR1.
  • Nematode establishment and feeding cell development were reduced, correlating with suppressed auxin signaling.

Conclusions:

  • Ascaroside#18 confers resistance to cyst nematodes through a novel mechanism involving the suppression of auxin signaling.
  • This defense strategy operates independently of canonical PTI pathways, offering a new perspective on plant-pathogen interactions.
  • Understanding this auxin-mediated suppression provides potential for developing novel strategies against nematodes and other biotrophic pathogens.