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Local Anesthetics: Differential Sensitivity of Nerve Fibers

Local Anesthetics: Differential Sensitivity of Nerve Fibers

Local anesthetics (LAs) block the sodium channels of nerve trunks, sensory nerve endings, and neuromuscular junctions. Although LAs can block all kinds of nerves, the sensitivity of nerve fibers differs according to nerve types and structures. LAs are known to block myelinated fibers faster than unmyelinated ones. Also, they block pain or sensory neurons at low concentrations without affecting the motor neurons involved in muscle contractions. This helps relieve labor pain without affecting the...

Local Anesthetics: Adverse Effects

Local Anesthetics: Adverse Effects

While local anesthetics are generally safe and well-tolerated, they can occasionally cause adverse effects that vary in severity. Local anesthetics can induce toxicity at two distinct levels. They can either produce local effects through direct contact with the neural elements or be absorbed into the bloodstream from the injection site, leading to systemic effects.
Once absorbed into the systemic circulation, local anesthetics can affect the organs that depend on the functioning of sodium...

Local Anesthetics: Mechanism of Action

Local Anesthetics: Mechanism of Action

Local anesthetics (LAs) block sensory and motor impulses by inhibiting the sodium channels on the nerve cell membranes. This induces temporary loss of sensation, relieving pain in a specific body area.
Local anesthetics are amphiphilic molecules consisting of a hydrophobic aromatic part linked to a hydrophilic group by an ester or amide linkage. They are weak bases and are usually available as salts, which increases their solubility and stability. Once administered, LAs exist in the body either...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 16, 2025

A Protocol to Acquire the Degenerative Tenocyte from Humans

A Protocol to Acquire the Degenerative Tenocyte from Humans

Published on: June 9, 2018

Lidocaine Affects Collagen Breakdown Without Compromising Cell Viability in Cultured Human Tenocytes: An In Vitro

Filippo Randelli¹, Manuel G Mazzoleni¹, Alessandra Menon^2,3

¹Hip Department (CAD), Gaetano Pini-CTO Orthopedic Institute, University of Milan, P-za Cardinal Ferrari 1, 20122 Milano, Italy.

|July 11, 2025

Summary

Local anesthetics like lidocaine do not harm tenocyte viability or collagen synthesis. However, lidocaine may increase collagen degradation, and ascorbic acid does not prevent this oxidative stress.

Keywords:

apoptosis collagen turnover infiltration lidocaine injection tendinopathy tendon tenocytes

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Published on: August 21, 2021

Area of Science:

Biomaterials Science
Cell Biology
Orthopedic Surgery

Background:

Local anesthetics (LAs) are used in peritendinous injections, but concerns exist regarding their tenotoxicity.
Lidocaine (LD), a common LA, has shown cytotoxic effects in vitro.
Understanding LD's impact on tenocytes and potential protective agents is crucial for safe clinical use.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the effects of lidocaine on human tenocyte apoptosis, oxidative stress, and collagen turnover.
To evaluate the protective potential of ascorbic acid (AA) against LD-induced tenocyte injury.

Main Methods:

Human tenocytes were treated with varying concentrations of lidocaine (0.2 and 1 mg/mL) and ascorbic acid (50 and 250 μg/mL).
Apoptosis was assessed via nuclear morphology, cytochrome c, and caspase 3 activation.
Collagen turnover, oxidative stress (HO-1), and ECM homeostasis were analyzed using molecular techniques.

Main Results:

Lidocaine did not induce apoptosis or alter collagen synthesis and maturation in tenocytes.
Increased collagen degradation was observed following lidocaine treatment.
Ascorbic acid did not protect tenocytes against LD-induced oxidative stress.

Conclusions:

Peritendinous lidocaine injections appear safe regarding tenocyte viability and collagen synthesis.
Lidocaine may promote collagen degradation, and the protective role of ascorbic acid remains uncertain.
This study provides valuable data for the safe clinical application of lidocaine in tendon treatments.