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P-N junction

P-N junction

A p-n junction is formed when p-type and n-type semiconductor materials are joined together. At the interface of the p-n junction, holes from the p-side and electrons from the n-side begin to diffuse into the opposite sides due to the concentration gradient. This diffusion of carriers leads to a region around the junction where there are no free charge carriers, known as the depletion region. The charge density within the depletion region for the n-side and p-side can be described by the...

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Updated: Sep 8, 2025

Morphology Control for Fully Printable Organic–Inorganic Bulk-heterojunction Solar Cells Based on a Ti-alkoxide and Semiconducting Polymer

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Published on: January 10, 2017

Prolonging Exciton Diffusion Length via Modulating Aggregation Structures for Binary Organic Photovoltaics

Jiayou Zhang¹, Fang Fang², Bending Zhang¹

¹Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, Nanchang, 330022, P.R. China.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)

|July 11, 2025

Summary

Optimizing polymer donor molecular weight in flexible organic photovoltaics (OPVs) enhances exciton diffusion length, leading to improved power conversion efficiency (PCE) and mechanical stability. This study achieves record efficiencies for printed OPVs.

Keywords:

Aggregation structure Exciton diffusion length Flexible organic photovoltaics Fluid mechanics Printing pseudo planar heterojunction

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Excitonic Hamiltonians for Calculating Optical Absorption Spectra and Optoelectronic Properties of Molecular Aggregates and Solids

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Published on: May 27, 2020

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Excitonic Hamiltonians for Calculating Optical Absorption Spectra and Optoelectronic Properties of Molecular Aggregates and Solids

Excitonic Hamiltonians for Calculating Optical Absorption Spectra and Optoelectronic Properties of Molecular Aggregates and Solids

Published on: May 27, 2020

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Polymer Science
Renewable Energy

Background:

Flexible all-polymer organic photovoltaics (OPVs) face challenges with low short-circuit current density (JSC) and fill factor (FF), limiting power conversion efficiency (PCE) and mechanical stability.
Exciton diffusion length (LD) is crucial for OPV performance, but its dynamics are poorly understood, particularly concerning conjugated polymer aggregation.
Understanding polymer aggregation is key to enhancing exciton diffusion and device performance.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the relationship between polymer donor aggregation structure and exciton diffusion dynamics in flexible OPVs.
To optimize the molecular weight (MW) of the polymer donor PM6 to control aggregation and improve device performance.
To achieve high PCE and mechanical stability in all-polymer flexible devices.

Main Methods:

Utilized molecular dynamics simulations to calculate interchain free energy distribution [ΔG(r)].
Strategically modulated the aggregation behavior of the polymer donor PM6 by controlling its molecular weight.
Fabricated pseudo-planar heterojunction (PPHJ) active layers for flexible OPVs.

Main Results:

Medium-MW PM6 exhibited optimized aggregation, extending exciton diffusion length (LD) and enabling pseudo-planar heterojunction (PPHJ) formation.
PPHJ-based flexible OPVs achieved a PCE of 18.01% with improved JSC and FF, retaining 90.4% efficiency after 2000 bending cycles.
Record efficiencies of 20.0% (small-area) and 15.60% (large-area modules) were achieved for eco-friendly, printed OPVs (PM6//L8-BO).

Conclusions:

Controlling polymer donor MW is an effective strategy to tune aggregation and enhance exciton diffusion in flexible OPVs.
The developed PPHJ strategy significantly boosts PCE and mechanical stability in all-polymer flexible devices.
This work paves the way for high-performance, eco-friendly printed organic photovoltaics.