Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Muscles that Move the Forearm01:16

Muscles that Move the Forearm

2.3K
The muscles that move the forearms can be divided into four groups: forearm flexors, forearm extensors, forearm pronators, and forearm supinators. The flexors and extensors act on the elbow joint, while the pronators and supinators act on the radioulnar joints.
Forearm Flexors
The biceps brachii, brachialis, and brachioradialis are forearm flexors. The biceps brachii is made up of two heads. Its long head originates at the supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula, whereas that of the short head is...
2.3K
Bones of the Upper Limb: Ulna01:15

Bones of the Upper Limb: Ulna

2.6K
The ulna and radius are parallel bones of the antebrachium or the forearm. The ulna lies medially and consists of a bony tip called the olecranon process at its proximal end. This hook-like projection articulates with the olecranon fossa of the humerus and forms the "hinged" ulnohumeral part of the elbow joint. This joint facilitates forearm extension and flexion while preventing its hyperextension. Similarly, the coronoid process, another bony projection on the proximal/anterior side...
2.6K
Bones of the Upper Limb: Radius01:09

Bones of the Upper Limb: Radius

2.9K
The radius is longer of the two bones that make up the human antebrachium or forearm. At the proximal end, the radius articulates with the capitulum of the humerus and the radial notch of the ulna to form the elbow joint. At the distal end, the radius articulates with the ulna via the ulnar notch, forming the distal radioulnar joint. Distally, the radius also attaches to the carpal wrist bones (scaphoid and lunate) to form the radiocarpal joint.
The radius has a nail-shaped head, and a...
2.9K
Bones of the Upper Limb: Humerus01:19

Bones of the Upper Limb: Humerus

4.5K
The upper limb consists of the arm, forearm, wrist, and hand bones. The humerus is the single bone of the upper arm region. Proximally, it has a large, spherical, smooth head that articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula to form the glenohumeral or shoulder joint. The margin of the head is the anatomical neck, a residual epiphyseal plate. Laterally it extends to form bony projections called the greater tubercle and the lesser tubercle. Next to the tubercles is the surgical neck, a...
4.5K
Muscles of the Forearm that Move the Hand and Fingers01:17

Muscles of the Forearm that Move the Hand and Fingers

1.4K
The muscles of the forearm that move the wrist, hand, and digits are numerous and diverse. They can be classified into two groups based on their location and function — the anterior and posterior compartment muscles.
Anterior Compartment
The anterior compartment muscles originate from the humerus. They primarily function as flexors and are also known as flexor muscles. They typically insert on the carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges. The superficial layer includes the flexor carpi...
1.4K
Development of the Limb Synovial Joints01:07

Development of the Limb Synovial Joints

1.6K
Joints form during embryonic development in conjunction with the formation and growth of the associated bones. The embryonic tissue that gives rise to all bones, cartilage, and connective tissues of the body is called mesenchyme.
The mesenchymal stem cells differentiate into chondrocytes that form the hyaline cartilage, and later the cartilaginous model of the bone. This model further transforms into a bone. This process is known as endochondral ossification.
During development, the limbs...
1.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Designing for Accelerated Translation-Intervention (DART-I): adaptation, theoretical grounding, and formative evaluation in community care for evaluating implementation potential.

BMC health services research·2026
Same author

Tongue-Yoga: Precision Visual Feedback Rehabilitation Improves Tongue Agility.

IEEE transactions on neural systems and rehabilitation engineering : a publication of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society·2026
Same author

Defining Experimental Design for Human Motor Control Identification: A Novel Framework.

IEEE transactions on neural systems and rehabilitation engineering : a publication of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society·2026
Same author

Distribution Analysis for Diagnostics and Therapeutics of Motor Actions.

IEEE journal of biomedical and health informatics·2025
Same author

A highly contiguous genome assembly for the California vole, Microtus californicus, provides insight into phylogenetic relationships and patterns of synteny among voles.

The Journal of heredity·2025
Same author

Does visual error augmentation offer advantages during bimanual therapy in individuals poststroke? A randomized controlled trial.

The Journal of international medical research·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 16, 2025

A Structured Rehabilitation Protocol for Improved Multifunctional Prosthetic Control: A Case Study
06:58

A Structured Rehabilitation Protocol for Improved Multifunctional Prosthetic Control: A Case Study

Published on: November 6, 2015

9.6K

Structural Optimization of a Passive ExoNET for Forearm Supination.

Valentino Wilson, Partha Ryali, Leah OShea

    IEEE ... International Conference on Rehabilitation Robotics : [Proceedings]
    |July 11, 2025
    PubMed
    Summary

    Stroke survivors often struggle with forearm supination. A new wearable device, forearm ExoNET, uses elastic actuators to assist and improve this movement, offering a customizable and accessible rehabilitation solution.

    More Related Videos

    Vascularized Composite Hand Allograft Procurement and Preparation for Distal and Proximal Forearm Allotransplantation: A Stepwise Approach
    10:36

    Vascularized Composite Hand Allograft Procurement and Preparation for Distal and Proximal Forearm Allotransplantation: A Stepwise Approach

    Published on: May 23, 2025

    426
    Author Spotlight: Integrating Mechanical and Biological Analysis in Tendinopathy Research
    04:37

    Author Spotlight: Integrating Mechanical and Biological Analysis in Tendinopathy Research

    Published on: March 1, 2024

    970

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Sep 16, 2025

    A Structured Rehabilitation Protocol for Improved Multifunctional Prosthetic Control: A Case Study
    06:58

    A Structured Rehabilitation Protocol for Improved Multifunctional Prosthetic Control: A Case Study

    Published on: November 6, 2015

    9.6K
    Vascularized Composite Hand Allograft Procurement and Preparation for Distal and Proximal Forearm Allotransplantation: A Stepwise Approach
    10:36

    Vascularized Composite Hand Allograft Procurement and Preparation for Distal and Proximal Forearm Allotransplantation: A Stepwise Approach

    Published on: May 23, 2025

    426
    Author Spotlight: Integrating Mechanical and Biological Analysis in Tendinopathy Research
    04:37

    Author Spotlight: Integrating Mechanical and Biological Analysis in Tendinopathy Research

    Published on: March 1, 2024

    970

    Area of Science:

    • Rehabilitation Engineering
    • Biomechanics
    • Neurorehabilitation

    Background:

    • Forearm supination impairments are common after stroke, limiting daily activities.
    • Existing assistive devices may lack customization for individual patient needs.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To introduce the forearm ExoNET, a novel passive wearable device for assisting forearm supination.
    • To demonstrate the device's ability to provide customized, clinician-defined torque patterns.

    Main Methods:

    • Developed a custom diagnostic device to measure forearm supination torque deficits.
    • Utilized a mathematical model and optimization algorithm to design personalized ExoNET configurations.
    • Employed elastic actuators to generate assistive and therapeutic torque fields.

    Main Results:

    • The diagnostic device accurately identified torque deficits in stroke survivors.
    • The optimization algorithm achieved high predictive accuracy (R²=0.987) in designing device configurations.
    • The forearm ExoNET demonstrated potential for supporting active supination across the full range of motion.

    Conclusions:

    • The forearm ExoNET offers a promising, low-cost, and accessible solution for upper-limb rehabilitation.
    • Customizable torque patterns can effectively address individual supination deficits.
    • This technology has significant potential to improve functional recovery in stroke survivors.