Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

PI Controller: Design01:24

PI Controller: Design

504
Proportional Integral (PI) controllers are a fundamental component in modern control systems, widely used to enhance performance and mitigate steady-state errors. They are particularly effective in applications such as automatic brightness adjustment on smartphones, where they excel at mitigating steady-state errors for step-function inputs. Unlike PD controllers, which require time-varying errors to function optimally, PI controllers leverage their integral component to address residual...
504
Time and frequency -Domain Interpretation of PI Control01:27

Time and frequency -Domain Interpretation of PI Control

208
Proportional-Integral (PI) controllers are essential in many control systems to improve stability and performance. They are commonly used in everyday devices like thermostats to enhance system damping and reduce steady-state error. When the zero in the controller's transfer function is optimally placed, the system benefits significantly in terms of stability and accuracy.
Acting as a low-pass filter, the PI controller slows the system's response and extends settling times. This requires...
208
Phase-lead and Phase-lag Controllers01:22

Phase-lead and Phase-lag Controllers

228
Understanding the working function of different types of controllers can be illustrated with practical analogies, such as adjusting a stereo's volume equalizer. Cranking up the bass involves a phase-lead controller, which functions as a high-pass filter, while increasing the treble uses a phase-lag controller, which acts as a low-pass filter. PD controllers, similar to high-pass filters, enhance the system's response to high-frequency components. PI controllers, akin to low-pass...
228
Time and frequency -Domain Interpretation of Phase-lead Control01:24

Time and frequency -Domain Interpretation of Phase-lead Control

140
Phase-lead controllers are commonly used in various control systems to enhance response speed and stability. Adjusting the brightness on a television screen offers a practical example of phase-lead control. When contrast is enhanced, a phase-lead controller is employed. Mathematically, phase-lead control is identified when the first parameter is smaller than the second.
The design of phase-lead control involves the strategic placement of poles and zeros to balance steady-state error and system...
140
Controller Configurations01:22

Controller Configurations

152
Controller configurations are crucial in a car's cruise control system because they manage speed over time to maintain a consistent pace regardless of road conditions, thereby meeting design goals. In traditional control systems, fixed-configuration design involves predetermined controller placement. System performance modifications are known as compensation.
Control-system compensation involves various configurations, most commonly series or cascade compensation, in which the controller...
152
PD Controller: Design01:26

PD Controller: Design

356
In automotive engineering, car suspension systems often employ Proportional Derivative (PD) controllers to enhance performance. PD controllers are utilized to adjust the damping force in response to road conditions. A controller, acting as an amplifier with a constant gain, demonstrates proportional control, with output directly mirroring input.
Designing a continuous-data controller requires selecting and linking components like adders and integrators, which are fundamental in Proportional,...
356

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Transport of the abundant intestinal amino acid glutamine by the enteric pathogen <i>Campylobacter jejuni</i> occurs via GutA (Cj0903), an AGCS family transporter.

Microbiology (Reading, England)·2026
Same author

Everything is everywhere but Escherichia coli adapts to different niches.

The ISME journal·2025
Same author

The scientific legacy of Stuart Ferguson.

Advances in microbial physiology·2025
Same author

A new class of binding-protein dependent solute transporter exemplified by the TAXI-GltS system from Bordetella pertussis.

Communications biology·2025
Same author

Badger Ecology, Bovine Tuberculosis, and Population Management: Lessons from the Island of Ireland.

Transboundary and emerging diseases·2025
Same author

Correction: Cu(i) diimine complexes as immobilised antibacterial photosensitisers operating in water under visible light.

Materials advances·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 16, 2025

Engineering Platform and Experimental Protocol for Design and Evaluation of a Neurally-controlled Powered Transfemoral Prosthesis
11:16

Engineering Platform and Experimental Protocol for Design and Evaluation of a Neurally-controlled Powered Transfemoral Prosthesis

Published on: July 22, 2014

16.4K

The Impact of Phase Variable Accuracy on Continuous Controller Performance for Knee-Ankle Prostheses: A Case Study.

David J Kelly, Patrick M Wensing

    IEEE ... International Conference on Rehabilitation Robotics : [Proceedings]
    |July 11, 2025
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Accurate gait estimation is crucial for powered prostheses. An improved method using thigh angle enhanced controller performance, reducing shank velocity and improving gait symmetry for knee-ankle prosthesis users.

    More Related Videos

    Oscillation and Reaction Board Techniques for Estimating Inertial Properties of a Below-knee Prosthesis
    08:08

    Oscillation and Reaction Board Techniques for Estimating Inertial Properties of a Below-knee Prosthesis

    Published on: May 8, 2014

    16.9K
    A Structured Rehabilitation Protocol for Improved Multifunctional Prosthetic Control: A Case Study
    06:58

    A Structured Rehabilitation Protocol for Improved Multifunctional Prosthetic Control: A Case Study

    Published on: November 6, 2015

    9.6K

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Sep 16, 2025

    Engineering Platform and Experimental Protocol for Design and Evaluation of a Neurally-controlled Powered Transfemoral Prosthesis
    11:16

    Engineering Platform and Experimental Protocol for Design and Evaluation of a Neurally-controlled Powered Transfemoral Prosthesis

    Published on: July 22, 2014

    16.4K
    Oscillation and Reaction Board Techniques for Estimating Inertial Properties of a Below-knee Prosthesis
    08:08

    Oscillation and Reaction Board Techniques for Estimating Inertial Properties of a Below-knee Prosthesis

    Published on: May 8, 2014

    16.9K
    A Structured Rehabilitation Protocol for Improved Multifunctional Prosthetic Control: A Case Study
    06:58

    A Structured Rehabilitation Protocol for Improved Multifunctional Prosthetic Control: A Case Study

    Published on: November 6, 2015

    9.6K

    Area of Science:

    • Biomedical Engineering
    • Robotics
    • Biomechanics

    Background:

    • Advancing powered lower-limb prostheses requires robust control algorithms.
    • Continuous controllers estimate gait progression for actuator outputs, but depend on accurate estimation.
    • Gait estimation accuracy directly impacts prosthesis control performance.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate and quantify the impact of two gait estimation methods on controller performance.
    • To evaluate gait estimation using only the global sagittal thigh angle for a knee-ankle prosthesis.
    • To compare controller performance with different gait estimation algorithms.

    Main Methods:

    • Tested two gait estimation methods using global sagittal thigh angle.
    • Implemented and evaluated a joint-level impedance controller and a task-level center of mass controller.
    • Conducted experiments with a non-amputee walking on a knee-ankle prosthesis.

    Main Results:

    • Higher linearity in gait estimation (R²=0.984 vs. R²=0.980) improved controller performance.
    • The improved method led to >25% lower shank velocity and ~75% better shank velocity symmetry.
    • Reduced impact into the mechanical hardstop during knee extension in swing was observed with the impedance controller.

    Conclusions:

    • Accurate gait estimation significantly enhances powered lower-limb prosthesis control.
    • The global sagittal thigh angle is a viable input for effective gait estimation.
    • Improved gait estimation leads to smoother, more symmetrical, and safer prosthesis function.