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Related Concept Videos

Aromatic Hydrocarbon Cations: Structural Overview01:18

Aromatic Hydrocarbon Cations: Structural Overview

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Cycloheptatriene is a neutral monocyclic unsaturated hydrocarbon that consists of an odd number of carbon atoms and an intervening sp3 carbon in the ring. The three double bonds in the ring correspond to 6 π electrons, which is a Huckel number, and therefore satisfies the criteria of 4n + 2 π electrons. However, the intervening sp3 carbon disrupts the continuous overlap of p orbitals. As a result, cycloheptatriene is not aromatic.
Removing one hydrogen from the intervening CH2 group...
3.0K
Frost Circles for Different Conjugated Systems01:18

Frost Circles for Different Conjugated Systems

2.9K
The inscribed polygon method is consistent with Hückel’s 4n + 2 rule and helps to learn whether the given cyclic compound is aromatic or not. The compound is stable and aromatic if every bonding molecular orbital (MO) is completely filled with a pair of electrons. However, if the non-bonding or antibonding orbitals are filled with electrons, the compound is unstable and not aromatic. Consider the Frost circle diagrams for cycloalkenes containing 4 to 8 carbons.
2.9K
Aromatic Hydrocarbon Anions: Structural Overview01:18

Aromatic Hydrocarbon Anions: Structural Overview

2.9K
Neutral hydrocarbons like cyclopentadiene with an odd number of carbon atoms and one intervening CH2 group in the ring are not aromatic. Cyclopentadiene with 4 π electrons does not satisfy the 4n + 2 π electron rule. Additionally, the intervening CH2 group is sp3 hybridized and lacks a vacant p orbital, thereby interrupting the overlap of p orbitals in a continuous manner and preventing the delocalization of π electrons throughout the ring.
Due to the absence of continuous...
2.9K
Radical Reactivity: Steric Effects01:10

Radical Reactivity: Steric Effects

2.0K
The presence of electron-donating, electron-withdrawing, or conjugating groups adjacent to a radical center, imparts electronic stabilization to the radicals. Examples of such electronically-stabilized radicals are triphenylmethyl, tetramethylpiperidine‐N‐oxide, and 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl. These radicals are remarkably stable and are known as persistent radicals. Some of the persistent radicals can even be isolated and purified.
Along with electronic...
2.0K
π Electron Effects on Chemical Shift: Aromatic and Antiaromatic Compounds01:14

π Electron Effects on Chemical Shift: Aromatic and Antiaromatic Compounds

1.3K
In aromatic compounds, such as benzene, the circulation of (4n + 2) π-electrons sets up a diamagnetic or diatropic ring current around the perimeter of the molecule. This current induces a magnetic field that opposes the external field inside the ring and reinforces it on the outside. The protons in benzene are deshielded and exhibit high chemical shifts in the range 6.5–8.5 ppm. The shielding effect at the center of the ring is evident in complex aromatic molecules, such as...
1.3K
Radicals: Electronic Structure and Geometry01:07

Radicals: Electronic Structure and Geometry

4.3K
This lesson delves into the geometry of a radical, which is influenced by the electronic structure of the molecule. The principle is similar to that of a lone pair, where the unpaired electron influences the geometry at the radical center.
Accordingly, the structure of a trivalent radical lies between the geometries of carbocations and carbanions. An sp2-hybridized carbocation is trigonal planar, while an sp3-hybridized carbanion is trigonal pyramidal. Here, the difference in geometry is...
4.3K

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Construction and Systematical Symmetric Studies of a Series of Supramolecular Clusters with Binary or Ternary Ammonium Triphenylacetates
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A Superatom Pt21- Cluster with Unique Stability and Aromaticity.

Shiquan Lin1,2, Zhi-Chao Zhang3, Wei-Ming Sun3

  • 1Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.

Nano Letters
|July 11, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Platinum clusters are key catalysts, but their stability is not well understood. This study reveals Pt10- and Pt21- clusters are exceptionally stable, offering insights for designing better platinum catalysts.

Keywords:
AromaticityGas-phase reactionMetal clusterN2 contaminationSuperatom

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Area of Science:

  • Physical Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Catalysis

Background:

  • Platinum (Pt) clusters are crucial in catalysis due to their inherent stability and reactivity.
  • Understanding the structure-property relationships of Pt clusters is essential for catalyst design.
  • Current knowledge on the stability of Pt clusters under reaction conditions is limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the stability of platinum clusters (Ptn-, n = 6-35) as a function of size.
  • To analyze the reactivity of these clusters with common gases, specifically nitrogen (N2).
  • To elucidate the structural and electronic factors governing the stability of platinum clusters.

Main Methods:

  • Computational examination of Ptn- cluster stability across various sizes (n=6-35).
  • Simulation of cluster reactions with varying doses of common gases, focusing on N2.
  • Analysis of cluster geometries, symmetries, and electronic properties, including superatomic orbitals and inorganic aromaticity.

Main Results:

  • Two predominant stable clusters, Pt10- (tetrahedral) and Pt21- (trilaminar, spheroidal, D6h symmetry), were identified after N2 gas reactions.
  • Pt21- exhibits superatomic orbital features and inorganic aromaticity, contributing to its exceptional stability.
  • Other clusters like Pt22-, Pt23-, and smaller distorted clusters show less stability compared to Pt21-.

Conclusions:

  • The study identifies specific structural motifs (tetrahedral for Pt10-, trilaminar superatom for Pt21-) responsible for enhanced cluster stability.
  • Findings provide a foundation for the atomic-level design of stable platinum catalysts.
  • This research offers a pathway to develop Pt catalysts with improved stability and resistance to N2 contamination and poisoning effects.