Severe Aortic Insufficiency and Cardiogenic Shock in a 16-Year-Old With DiGeorge Syndrome and Truncus Arteriosus

DiGeorge syndrome (22q11.2 deletion syndrome) is associated with complex congenital heart defects, including truncus arteriosus. Aortic valve insufficiency after bioprosthetic valve replacement is rare but can lead to cardiogenic shock.

A 16-year-old girl with DiGeorge syndrome and truncus arteriosus presented with cardiogenic shock and severe aortic insufficiency. Initial stabilization with inotropes and mechanical ventilation failed, necessitating left atrial venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (LAVA ECMO). Following her stabilization, transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) was performed, resulting in rapid hemodynamic improvement.

This case demonstrates the successful use of LAVA ECMO and TAVR in managing bioprosthetic valve dysfunction and cardiogenic shock in a high-risk patient. The case underscores the importance of advanced cardiovascular interventions and multidisciplinary care, in line with current guidelines, for managing similar complex scenarios.