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Related Concept Videos

Atherosclerosis I: Introduction01:30

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Atherosclerosis is a progressive disorder characterized by the buildup of plaques on the arterial inner wall, causing them to narrow and harden over time. These plaques comprise lipids, calcium, blood components, carbohydrates, and fibrous tissue. The process primarily affects the intima of large and medium-sized arteries, reducing blood flow in any artery.Etiology and risk factorsThe cause of atherosclerosis is multifactorial, involving a complex interplay among endothelial injury, lipid...
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Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): An Overview with Scientific InsightsCoronary Artery Disease (CAD), often referred to as C-A-D, is a prevalent blood vessel disorder classified under the broader category of atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is a pathological process characterized by the hardening and narrowing of arteries due to the accumulation of atherosclerotic plaques. These plaques are composed of cholesterol, fatty substances, inflammatory cells, calcium, and fibrin, reducing blood flow to...
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Management of atherosclerosis involves an integrated strategy encompassing pharmacological treatment, surgical interventions, lifestyle changes, and nutrition therapy to address the multifactorial nature of the disease.Pharmacological TherapyA cornerstone of atherosclerosis management is the use of pharmacological agents. Statins, such as atorvastatin, are pivotal in inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase, an enzyme that catalyzes an initial step in cholesterol synthesis in the liver. This reduction in...
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Microbiota Analysis Using Two-step PCR and Next-generation 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing
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Gut microbiota and atherosclerosis.

William Fusco1,2,3, Timon Adolph4, Giovanni Cammarota1,2,3

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The gut microbiota influences atherosclerosis development through microbial metabolites and interactions with lipid pathways. Modulating gut bacteria shows potential for treating this chronic inflammatory vascular disease.

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BACTERIAL INFECTIONGUT INFLAMMATIONIMMUNOLOGYINFLAMMATIONMICROBIOME

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Science
  • Microbiology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory arterial disease.
  • Traditionally linked to lipid disorders, lipid-independent pathways are now recognized.
  • Emerging evidence implicates the gastrointestinal microbiota in atherosclerosis development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the role of gut microbiota in atherosclerosis.
  • To understand the mechanisms linking gut bacteria to vascular inflammation.
  • To assess the therapeutic potential of microbiota modulation.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of clinical studies on gut microbiota composition in atherosclerosis patients.
  • Investigation of microbial metabolites' impact on vascular inflammation.
  • Review of preclinical studies on microbiota-targeted interventions.

Main Results:

  • Altered gut microbiota and oral bacteria in the gut are observed in atherosclerosis, cardiovascular disease, and stroke.
  • Microbial metabolites like endotoxin and trimethylamine N-oxide promote atherosclerosis; some tryptophan derivatives may be protective.
  • Gut microbiota interacts with lipid metabolism, affects lipid absorption/storage, and contributes to vascular aging.

Conclusions:

  • The gut microbiota acts as a key regulator of vascular inflammation in atherosclerosis.
  • Host-microbe interactions in the gut present future therapeutic targets for atherosclerosis.
  • Interventions like prebiotics and probiotics show promise, primarily in preclinical settings.