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Related Concept Videos

Temperature Dependent Deformation01:12

Temperature Dependent Deformation

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In a nonhomogeneous rod made up of steel and brass, restrained at both ends and subjected to a temperature change, several steps are involved in calculating the stress and compressive load. Due to the problem's static indeterminacy, one end support is disconnected, allowing the rod to experience the temperature change freely. Next, an unknown force is applied at the free end, triggering deformations in the rod's steel and brass portions. These deformations are then calculated and added...
193
Relation between Poisson's ratio, Modulus of Elasticity and Modulus of Rigidity01:15

Relation between Poisson's ratio, Modulus of Elasticity and Modulus of Rigidity

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Deformation occurs in axial and transverse directions when an axial load is applied to a slender bar. This deformation impacts the cubic element within the bar, transforming it into either a rectangular parallelepiped or a rhombus, contingent on its orientation. This transformation process induces shearing strain. Axial loading elicits both shearing and normal strains. Applying an axial load instigates equal normal and shearing stresses on elements oriented at a 45° angle to the load axis.
332
Deformation of Member under Multiple Loadings01:11

Deformation of Member under Multiple Loadings

219
When a rod is made of different materials or has various cross-sections, it must be divided into parts that meet the necessary conditions for determining the deformation. These parts are each characterized by their internal force, cross-sectional area, length, and modulus of elasticity. These parameters are then used to compute the deformation of the entire rod.
In the case of a member with a variable cross-section, the strain is not constant but depends on the position. The deformation of an...
219
Elastic Strain Energy for Shearing Stresses01:20

Elastic Strain Energy for Shearing Stresses

293
As discussed in previous lessons, strain energy in a material is the energy stored when it is elastically deformed, a concept crucial in materials science and mechanical engineering. This energy results from the internal work done against the cohesive forces within the material. When a material undergoes shearing stress and corresponding shearing strain, the strain energy density, which is the energy stored per unit volume, is calculated. Within the elastic limit, where the stress is...
293
Plastic Deformations01:19

Plastic Deformations

188
Plastic deformation represents a fundamental concept in materials science, which explains the irreversible change in the shape of a material when it experiences stress beyond its elastic capability. This phenomenon is important in structural engineering, especially in designing and analyzing cantilever beams—structures that are securely fixed at one end and bear loads at the opposite end. When these beams are subjected to loads within their elastic range, they will return to their...
188
Residual Stresses01:26

Residual Stresses

282
Residual stresses reside in a structure even after removing the original stress inducer. This phenomenon often arises from varied plastic deformations across different parts of a structure. Consider a rod stretched beyond its yield point. It will not regain its original length due to permanent deformation. Even after load removal, the rod does not entirely lose stress because of uneven plastic deformations, resulting in residual stresses. The computation of these stresses in structures is...
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Deep crustal deformation driven by reaction-induced weakening.

Mathieu Soret1,2, Jacques Précigout3, Holger Stünitz3,4

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Deep crustal shear zones localize strain via dissolution-precipitation creep, not just dislocation creep. Transient fluid flow, driven by chemical changes, accelerates this process, impacting plate tectonics.

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Area of Science:

  • Geology
  • Tectonics
  • Geophysics

Background:

  • Deep crustal shear zones are crucial for plate tectonics but their evolution is not fully understood.
  • Conventional models focus on dislocation creep in monomineralic aggregates, which is challenged by strong mineral properties at high pressures and temperatures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate strain localization mechanisms in deep crustal shear zones under eclogite-facies conditions.
  • To elucidate the role of fluid flow and chemo-mechanical processes in shear zone development.

Main Methods:

  • Deformation experiments conducted at eclogite-facies conditions.
  • Analysis of strain localization and mass transfer mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • Strain is efficiently localized by dissolution-precipitation creep at lower stresses than dislocation creep.
  • Transient fluid flow, triggered by grain boundary movements and reactions, episodically accelerates strain accommodation and mass transfer.
  • Thermo-hydro-mechanical-chemical processes are interconnected and drive shear zone development.

Conclusions:

  • Dissolution-precipitation creep is a key mechanism for strain localization in deep crustal shear zones, irrespective of mineral strength.
  • Rheological changes driven by transient fluid flow, linked to chemical disequilibrium in subducting materials, control the initiation and evolution of subduction plate interfaces beyond the seismogenic zone.