Related Experiment Video
Updated: Sep 16, 2025

A Fabrication and Measurement Method for a Flexible Ferroelectric Element Based on Van Der Waals Heteroepitaxy
Published on: April 8, 2018
Non-steady-state optothermal electromotive force in relaxor ferroelectrics
M A Bryushinin1, S G Lushnikov2, I A Sokolov2
1Ioffe Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia. mb@mail.ioffe.ru.
Abstract:
We predict a new non-steady-state optothermal electromotive force effect in relaxor ferroelectrics. The effect is observed and studied in a PbNi[Formula: see text]Ta[Formula: see text]O[Formula: see text] crystal at light wavelength [Formula: see text] nm and room temperature, which is significantly above the broad, frequency-dependent maximum of the permittivity ([Formula: see text] K), below which remanent polarization and the relaxor ferroelectric state arise. We focus on the pronounced mismatch in high-frequency behaviour of the non-steady-state EMF and conductivity response due to nonuniform laser heating and develop the ensuing theory of the effect.
Related Concept Videos
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes
Motional Emf
Electromotive Force
Ferromagnetism
The Nernst Equation
The interconnection between standard cell potentials and various thermodynamic parameters such as the standard free energy change ΔG° and equilibrium constant K has been previously explored. For example, a redox reaction involving zinc(II) and tin(II) ions at 1 M concentration with Eºcell = +0.291 V and ΔG° = −56.2 kJ is spontaneous.
The Resting Membrane Potential

