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Analgesia and Pain Management

Analgesia and Pain Management

Pain is critical to various clinical pathologies, provoking an urgent need for effective management. Pain, whether acute or chronic, is a complex neurochemical process. Its alleviation depends on the type, with nonopioid analgesics effective for mild to moderate pain, such as musculoskeletal or inflammatory pain, while neuropathic pain responds best to anticonvulsants, tricyclic antidepressants, or serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors. For severe acute or chronic pain, opioids may be...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 16, 2025

Author Spotlight: Quantifying Pain Experience – An Illustrative Approach Using the Pain Body Diagram

Author Spotlight: Quantifying Pain Experience – An Illustrative Approach Using the Pain Body Diagram

Published on: July 7, 2023

Objective Measurement of Musculoskeletal Pain: A Comprehensive Review.

Nahum Rosenberg¹

¹Specialists Center, National Insurance Institute, Pal Yam 8, Haifa 3309511, Israel.

Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)

|July 12, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Objective assessment of musculoskeletal (MSK) pain using physiological, behavioral, and neuroimaging methods is challenging but promising. Future research aims to integrate these approaches for better diagnostics and personalized pain management.

Keywords:

biomarkers facial expression functional MRI heart rate variability multimodal evaluation musculoskeletal pain neuroimaging objective assessment pain diagnostics

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 16, 2025

Author Spotlight: Quantifying Pain Experience – An Illustrative Approach Using the Pain Body Diagram

Author Spotlight: Quantifying Pain Experience – An Illustrative Approach Using the Pain Body Diagram

Published on: July 7, 2023

Spontaneous and Evoked Measures of Pain in Murine Models of Monoarticular Knee Pain

Spontaneous and Evoked Measures of Pain in Murine Models of Monoarticular Knee Pain

Published on: February 22, 2019

Determining Pain Detection and Tolerance Thresholds Using an Integrated, Multi-Modal Pain Task Battery

Determining Pain Detection and Tolerance Thresholds Using an Integrated, Multi-Modal Pain Task Battery

Published on: April 14, 2016

Area of Science:

Biomedical Engineering
Neuroscience
Pain Medicine

Background:

Musculoskeletal (MSK) pain is a major cause of global disability and healthcare costs.
Current self-reported pain scales lack objectivity and are subject to variability.
Objective assessment tools are needed for precise diagnosis, treatment guidance, and research.

Purpose of the Study:

To review objective assessment methods for MSK pain.
To explore physiological, behavioral, and neuroimaging techniques.
To discuss emerging AI and multimodal diagnostic strategies.

Main Methods:

Comprehensive narrative review of existing literature.
Focus on autonomic biomarkers (heart rate variability, skin conductance).
Inclusion of facial expression analysis, electromyography, fMRI, and PET scans.

Main Results:

Physiological signals correlate with autonomic activity but are context-dependent.
Behavioral analyses offer complex pain indicators.
Neuroimaging reveals pain patterns but faces translation challenges due to variability.

Conclusions:

Objective MSK pain assessment is complex but vital for clinical practice.
Multimodal integration and standardization are key for future development.
Translational research is needed to bridge the gap between experimental tools and clinical application.