Non-Invasive Diagnostic Imaging in Kaposi Sarcoma Evaluation

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Dermatology
• Medical Imaging

Background:

• Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is a rare angio-proliferative tumor.
• Diagnosis traditionally relies on clinical and histopathological evaluation.
• Non-invasive imaging is increasingly used for KS diagnosis and monitoring.

Observation:

• A case of HHV-8-negative Kaposi sarcoma presented with painful, violaceous lesions on the foot.
• Dermoscopy showed a characteristic rainbow pattern.
• Dynamic Optical Coherence Tomography (D-OCT) and Line-field Optical Coherence Tomography (LC-OCT) visualized microvascular abnormalities and tissue morphology.

Findings:

• Histopathology confirmed Kaposi sarcoma with spindle cell proliferation and vascular spaces.
• Non-invasive imaging techniques provided in vivo assessment of vascular architecture and tissue morphology.
• Dermoscopy revealed polychromatic vascular features, D-OCT and LC-OCT showed vascular proliferation and cellular morphology.

Implications:

• Dermoscopy, D-OCT, and LC-OCT are valuable adjuncts for KS diagnosis and monitoring.
• These imaging tools enhance clinical decision-making and may reduce the need for biopsies.
• Non-invasive imaging offers a complementary approach for early diagnosis and personalized management of Kaposi sarcoma.