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Related Concept Videos

Ion Exchange01:17

Ion Exchange

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Ion exchange chromatography separates charged molecules from a solution by reversibly exchanging them with mobile, or 'active', ions associated with the oppositely charged stationary phase. This method can be used to separate ions, soften and deionize water, and purify solutions. The polymers comprising the ion-exchange column are high-molecular-weight and chemically stable polymers, crosslinked to be porous and essentially insoluble. They are also functionalized with either acidic or...
667
Ion-Exchange Chromatography01:09

Ion-Exchange Chromatography

786
Ion-exchange chromatography, or IEC, is a technique for separating ions based on their affinity for the stationary phase. The stationary phase is a cross-linked polymer resin with covalently attached ionic functional groups. The functional groups can be either positively charged (cation exchangers) or negatively charged (anion exchangers). A cation exchanger consists of a polymeric anion and active cations, while an anion exchanger is a polymeric cation with active anions. The choice of...
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Updated: Sep 16, 2025

Solid-state Graft Copolymer Electrolytes for Lithium Battery Applications
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Interphase Engineering Enabled by Using a Separator with Electrochemically Active Carbazole Polymers for Lithium-Ion

Bingning Wang1,2, Lihong Gao1, Zhenzhen Yang1

  • 1Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL 60439, USA.

Polymers
|July 12, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Electroactive carbazole polymers enhance lithium-ion battery performance by forming protective interphases on separators. This modification improves cycling stability and reduces transition metal dissolution in lithium-manganese-rich layered oxide//graphite cells.

Keywords:
carbazolefull cellslithium-ion batterieslithium-manganese-richpolymer oxidationseparator modification

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Polymer Science

Background:

  • Separators are typically inert in lithium-ion batteries.
  • Previous work used electroactive polymers for overcharge protection or acid scavenging.
  • This study explores novel applications of electroactive polymers for interphase engineering.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the use of electroactive carbazole polymers as separator coatings.
  • To enhance the cycling performance of lithium-manganese-rich layered oxide//graphite full cells.
  • To understand the mechanism of interphase formation and its impact on battery performance.

Main Methods:

  • Coating commercial Celgard 2325 separators with copolymer 9-phenyl-9H-carbazole-phenyl (PCP) and poly(9-vinylcarbazole) (PVC).
  • Conducting electrochemical characterizations including cyclic voltammetry and dQ/dV analysis.
  • Performing nuclear magnetic resonance and postmortem analyses.

Main Results:

  • Observed irreversible oxidation of carbazole polymers during the first charge cycle.
  • Demonstrated that carbazole polymers actively participate in interphase formation.
  • Identified improved cycling performance in modified cells attributed to higher-quality solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) and cathode electrolyte interphase (CEI).

Conclusions:

  • Electroactive carbazole polymer coatings on separators can significantly enhance lithium-ion battery cycling performance.
  • The mechanism involves polymer oxidation and the formation of beneficial inorganic SEI and CEI layers.
  • These interphases effectively mitigate transition metal dissolution and improve overall cell stability.