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Updated: Sep 16, 2025

Investigation of Plant Interactions Across Common Mycorrhizal Networks Using Rotated Cores
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Beyond Pairwise Interactions: How Other Species Regulate Competition Between Two Plants?

Wang-Xin Cheng1,2, Wei Xue2, Jie-Jie Jiao3

  • 1College of Life Science and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China.

Plants (Basel, Switzerland)
|July 12, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Plant community interactions are complex. The presence of additional plant species influences interactions between two species, affecting plant growth and facilitating coexistence, but higher-order effects are less common.

Keywords:
competitive effectinterspecific interactionsmulti-species interactionsneighbor effectplant–plant interactionsspecies coexistence

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Plant Community Ecology
  • Interspecific Interactions

Background:

  • Most studies focus on pairwise plant interactions.
  • The impact of multiple competing species on these interactions is less understood.
  • Understanding high-order interactions is crucial for community dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how the presence of multiple neighboring plant species affects pairwise interspecific interactions.
  • To assess the impact of third, fourth, and fifth species on interactions between two target species.
  • To determine the role of high-order interactions in plant community structure and coexistence.

Main Methods:

  • Grew five common Chinese herbaceous plant species (Cynodon dactylon, Plantago asiatica, Taraxacum mongolicum, Nepeta cataria, Leonurus japonicus) individually and in combinations.
  • Manipulated the number of neighboring species (1 to 4) to assess varying levels of competition.
  • Measured the growth of target species under different competitive scenarios.

Main Results:

  • Neighboring plants generally reduced target species growth, indicating competition.
  • The presence of additional species altered pairwise interactions, with effects varying by species identity.
  • The influence of the third species on pairwise interactions was largely independent of the fourth and fifth species.

Conclusions:

  • Interspecific interactions are commonly modulated by the presence of other species, promoting coexistence.
  • High-order interactions, particularly those involving the fourth and fifth species, have less common impacts on interactions among three species.
  • This study underscores the complexity of multi-species plant communities and the need to incorporate high-order interactions into ecological models.