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A High-Sensitivity U-Shaped Optical Fiber SPR Sensor Based on ITO Coating.

Chuhan Ye1, Zhibo Li1, Wenhao Kang2

  • 1College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|July 12, 2025
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a novel U-shaped optical fiber sensor using indium tin oxide (ITO) for enhanced surface plasmon resonance (SPR) detection. The sensor demonstrates significantly improved sensitivity and a high figure of merit for precise biochemical analysis.

Keywords:
U-shaped sensorindium tin oxiderefractive indexsurface plasmon resonance

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Area of Science:

  • Optoelectronics
  • Nanomaterials
  • Biomedical Sensing

Background:

  • Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) sensors are crucial for label-free biosensing.
  • Traditional fiber optic SPR sensors face limitations in sensitivity and figure of merit (FOM).
  • Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) is a transparent conductive oxide with potential for enhancing optical sensor performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose and investigate a high-sensitivity U-shaped optical fiber SPR sensor incorporating an ITO coating.
  • To enhance the surface electric field strength and evanescent wave-metal film interaction for improved sensing performance.
  • To evaluate the sensor's sensitivity, FOM, stability, and reliability for biochemical detection.

Main Methods:

  • Finite element simulations were employed to analyze the optical properties and electric field distribution.
  • A U-shaped optical fiber structure was designed to optimize light-matter interaction.
  • Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) was coated onto the fiber surface to enhance SPR characteristics.
  • Experimental measurements were conducted to determine sensitivity, FOM, and repeatability across a specific refractive index range.

Main Results:

  • Simulations showed ITO enhances surface electric field by 1.15×.
  • The U-shaped ITO SPR sensor achieved a sensitivity of 4333 nm/RIU and FOM of 21.7 RIU-1.
  • The sensor exhibited excellent stability with a low relative standard deviation (RSD) of 0.4236% and minimal error.
  • ITO coating demonstrated strong adhesion, ensuring long-term reliability.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed U-shaped optical fiber SPR sensor with ITO coating offers superior sensitivity and FOM compared to conventional designs.
  • The sensor's high performance, stability, and ease of fabrication make it suitable for high-precision biochemical detection.
  • This development contributes to advancements in intelligent sensing systems for various applications.