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A circuit breaker is a device engineered to interrupt fault currents and sometimes reclose automatically. When a fault current is detected, the breaker separates the electrical contacts, which generates an arc. This arc is extinguished by methods such as elongation, cooling, or splitting, depending on the breaker's design. Breakers are categorized based on the voltage they operate at and the medium used for arc extinction, such as air, oil, SF6 gas, or vacuum.
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Author Spotlight: Simulation and Analysis of the Temperature Rise of Ring Main Unit Equipment
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An Operational Status Assessment Model for SF6 High-Voltage Circuit Breakers Based on IAR-BTR.

Ningfang Wang1, Yujia Wang2, Yifei Zhang1

  • 1School of Electrical & Information Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410114, China.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|July 12, 2025
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a new model to assess the operational status of sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) high-voltage circuit breakers by integrating internal and environmental factors. The model enhances prediction accuracy for reliable power grid operation.

Keywords:
SF6 high-voltage circuit breakersoperational status assessmentquantitative weighting methodspatiotemporally non-stationary factors

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Area of Science:

  • Electrical Engineering
  • Power Systems
  • Reliability Engineering

Background:

  • Sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) high-voltage circuit breakers are critical for power grid protection, with their operational status directly impacting grid reliability.
  • Increasing extreme weather events necessitate considering both internal and external factors for accurate operational status prediction of these breakers.
  • Existing methods may struggle with incomplete data, feature imbalance, and identifying spatiotemporally non-stationary risk factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose an operational status assessment model for SF6 high-voltage circuit breakers that integrates internal and environmental influences.
  • To address data challenges like incompleteness and feature imbalance in fault record databases.
  • To identify and accurately weigh spatiotemporally non-stationary factors influencing circuit breaker failures, especially under low-probability seasonal conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Implemented missing value elimination (Drop method) and data normalization for the fault record database.
  • Employed refined association rule mining techniques, adjusting thresholds and metrics based on seasonal distribution and time period importance.
  • Developed a quantitative weighting method for branch-trunk rules and utilized the DFP-Growth algorithm for computational efficiency.

Main Results:

  • The proposed Integrated Attribute-Weighted Risk Model Based on the Branch-Trunk Rule (IAR-BTR) effectively integrates internal and environmental factors.
  • Identified spatiotemporally non-stationary factors strongly correlated with circuit breaker failures in specific seasonal conditions.
  • Achieved high accuracy (95.78%) and precision (97.22%) in operational condition assessments, significantly improving predictive performance.

Conclusions:

  • The IAR-BTR model provides a robust framework for assessing the operational status of SF6 high-voltage circuit breakers.
  • The method enhances the ability to predict failures by considering a comprehensive set of internal and environmental influences.
  • This advancement is crucial for ensuring secure and stable grid operation and preventing major power system failures.