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Microwave Foreign Object Detection in a Lossy Medium Using a Planar Array Antenna.

Longzheng Yu¹, Peng Xu², Wenbo Li¹

¹Research Center of Applied Electromagnetics, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

|July 12, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces an array antenna system for non-contact foreign object detection in lossy media. The system precisely locates embedded objects by focusing electromagnetic energy, enhancing environmental and agricultural safety.

Keywords:

foreign object detection lossy medium method of the maximum power transmission efficiency microstrip patch array antenna non-contact detection

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Area of Science:

Electromagnetics
Antenna Theory
Sensor Technology

Background:

Non-contact detection of foreign objects in lossy dielectric media (soil, vegetation, ice) is challenging.
Applications include environmental monitoring and agricultural safety, requiring precise localization.
Existing methods face limitations in accuracy and applicability to lossy environments.

Purpose of the Study:

To design and experimentally validate an array antenna system for accurate foreign object localization in lossy media.
To develop a non-contact detection scheme utilizing focused electromagnetic energy.
To demonstrate the feasibility of precise positioning for embedded foreign objects.

Main Methods:

Utilizing an array antenna system with optimized excitation distribution for focused electromagnetic energy.
Measuring scattering parameters between transmitting and receiving antenna elements.
Employing the method of maximum power transmission efficiency based on differential scattering parameter matrices.
Fabricating and testing a 5x5 microstrip patch array antenna in colza oil with a copper block as the foreign object.

Main Results:

Demonstrated effective focusing of radiated electromagnetic fields at the foreign object's location.
Achieved accurate localization of a copper block immersed in colza oil.
Validated the non-contact detection scheme's feasibility and precision in a lossy medium.

Conclusions:

The proposed array antenna system enables precise non-contact foreign object detection in lossy dielectric media.
The electromagnetic focusing technique proves effective for localization applications.
This approach offers a promising solution for environmental monitoring and agricultural safety.