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Design of Space Target Surveillance Constellation Based on Simulation Comparison Method.

Qinying Hu1,2, Desheng Liu1,2, Ziwei Dong1

  • 1School of Space Information, Space Engineering University, Beijing 101416, China.

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|July 12, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new method designs space target surveillance constellations for low Earth orbit. Simulations show a heterogeneous constellation in sun-synchronous orbit can track over 80% of targets, enhancing space situational awareness.

Keywords:
constellation configurationsimulation comparison methodspace target surveillance

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Area of Science:

  • Space Science
  • Astrodynamics
  • Satellite Technology

Background:

  • Space situational awareness (SSA) is crucial for low Earth orbit (LEO) operations.
  • Existing SSA systems face challenges in achieving full-domain, all-time coverage of LEO targets.
  • The need for advanced space-based surveillance constellations is increasing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a simulation-based design method for space target awareness constellations.
  • To develop a heterogeneous constellation configuration for enhanced LEO surveillance.
  • To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed constellation in meeting surveillance mission requirements.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic analysis of LEO space target orbit distribution.
  • Design of LEO surveillance mission modes, key indicators, and constraints.
  • Construction of three basic constellation configurations.
  • Random sampling of surveillance objects based on stratified orbit distribution.
  • Simulation comparison to select an optimal heterogeneous constellation.

Main Results:

  • A heterogeneous space target surveillance constellation in a sun-synchronous morning-twilight orbit was identified.
  • The selected constellation meets the defined surveillance mission model and capability requirements.
  • Experimental results demonstrate the constellation's ability to provide satisfactory observation arc segments.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed simulation-based design method is effective for developing LEO surveillance constellations.
  • The identified heterogeneous constellation configuration significantly improves SSA capabilities.
  • The constellation can catalog and track over 80% of LEO targets, enhancing space domain awareness.