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Using the Spark Plug as a Sensor for Analyzing the State of the Combustion System
Matej Kučera1, Miroslav Gutten1, Daniel Korenčiak1
1Department of Mechatronics and Electronics, FEEIT, University of Zilina, Univerzitná 1, 01001 Zilina, Slovakia.
Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|July 12, 2025
Summary
This study introduces a novel method using spark plugs as non-contact sensors for real-time internal combustion engine monitoring. The findings reveal how spark plug gap variations directly correlate with engine performance indicators, aiding diagnostics.
Area of Science:
- Engineering
- Automotive Engineering
- Sensor Technology
Background:
- Internal combustion engines require continuous monitoring for optimal performance and maintenance.
- Traditional engine monitoring methods can be complex and invasive.
- Developing simple, real-time monitoring solutions is crucial for diagnostics.
Purpose of the Study:
- To present a non-contact sensing method utilizing spark plugs for internal combustion engine monitoring.
- To analyze the relationship between spark plug parameters and engine performance indicators.
- To validate the effectiveness of spark plug-based sensing for real-time diagnostics.
Main Methods:
- Utilizing spark plugs as sensors to measure high voltage in real time.
- Employing non-contact voltage sensors for data acquisition.
- Conducting experimental analysis on the effects of spark plug gap and temperature on electrical parameters.
Main Results:
- An increasing spark plug gap was found to shorten arc duration and linearly increase breakdown voltage, indicating wear.
- Higher temperatures led to a decrease in breakdown voltage.
- Non-contact measurements demonstrated a correlation between electric field magnitude and spark plug gap.
Conclusions:
- Spark plugs can serve as effective non-contact sensors for real-time internal combustion engine monitoring.
- This method simplifies monitoring across all cylinders and supports diagnostic decision-making.
- The findings provide insights into engine wear and performance based on electrical characteristics.
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