Association Between Physical Activity and Suicidal Ideation: The Moderating Effect of Self-Rated Health Status

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the association between physical activity and suicidal ideation in adult women and to examine the moderating effect of self-rated health status. Methods: This study utilized raw data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) from the 6th to the 8th cycle (2013-2021). Complex sample logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the association between physical activity and suicidal ideation, and stratified analysis was conducted to examine differences in effects according to self-rated health status. Results: The prevalence of suicidal ideation among participants was 5.5%. Stratified analysis revealed that the effect of physical activity on suicidal ideation varied by self-rated health status. Among women with good self-rated health, physical activity was associated with significantly reduced odds of suicidal ideation (OR = 2.116, 95% CI: 1.229-3.643). However, among those with fair or poor self-rated health, physical activity showed no significant protective effect (OR = 1.173, 95% CI: 0.902-1.525). Conclusions: This study demonstrates a significant association between physical activity and suicidal ideation, with self-rated health status playing a key moderating role. Suicide prevention strategies should incorporate interventions that promote physical activity while considering self-rated health status.