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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 16, 2025

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Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder as a Mediating Variable for Invalid Baseline Profiles on the ImPACT.

Andre Petrossian1, Louise A Kelly2, Rachel N Casas1

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Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland)
|July 12, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is linked to invalid scores on the ImPACT test. Adjusting test validity thresholds for individuals with ADHD is recommended.

Keywords:
ADHDImPACTassessmentconcussionsportsvalidity

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Sports Medicine
  • Psychology

Background:

  • Executive functioning skills are crucial for tasks like the ImPACT test.
  • Individuals with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) may struggle with these skills.
  • The ImPACT test requires judgment in non-routine situations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if ADHD mediates the likelihood of an invalid ImPACT test score.
  • To determine the role of ADHD in executive functioning assessment validity.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of data from 39,140 collegiate athletes and military cadets in the CARE Consortium study.
  • Utilized self-reported ADHD diagnosis, age, gender, race, ethnicity, sport, and mouthguard use.
  • Employed logistic regression to assess the impact of ADHD on ImPACT validity.

Main Results:

  • Participants with ADHD were significantly more likely to produce invalid baseline ImPACT scores (ß = -0.884; p < 0.001).
  • This association remained significant after controlling for demographic and sport-related variables (ß = -0.786; p < 0.001).
  • Age's negative effect on validity was explained by the presence of ADHD when it was removed from the model.

Conclusions:

  • ADHD is a significant factor influencing ImPACT test validity.
  • The relationship between age and ImPACT validity appears to be mediated by ADHD.
  • Recommendations include adjusting ImPACT validity thresholds for individuals diagnosed with ADHD.