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Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder as a Mediating Variable for Invalid Baseline Profiles on the ImPACT.
Andre Petrossian1, Louise A Kelly2, Rachel N Casas1
1Graduate School of Psychology, California Lutheran University, Thousand Oaks, CA 91360, USA.
Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland)
|July 12, 2025
Summary
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is linked to invalid scores on the ImPACT test. Adjusting test validity thresholds for individuals with ADHD is recommended.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Sports Medicine
- Psychology
Background:
- Executive functioning skills are crucial for tasks like the ImPACT test.
- Individuals with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) may struggle with these skills.
- The ImPACT test requires judgment in non-routine situations.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate if ADHD mediates the likelihood of an invalid ImPACT test score.
- To determine the role of ADHD in executive functioning assessment validity.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of data from 39,140 collegiate athletes and military cadets in the CARE Consortium study.
- Utilized self-reported ADHD diagnosis, age, gender, race, ethnicity, sport, and mouthguard use.
- Employed logistic regression to assess the impact of ADHD on ImPACT validity.
Main Results:
- Participants with ADHD were significantly more likely to produce invalid baseline ImPACT scores (ß = -0.884; p < 0.001).
- This association remained significant after controlling for demographic and sport-related variables (ß = -0.786; p < 0.001).
- Age's negative effect on validity was explained by the presence of ADHD when it was removed from the model.
Conclusions:
- ADHD is a significant factor influencing ImPACT test validity.
- The relationship between age and ImPACT validity appears to be mediated by ADHD.
- Recommendations include adjusting ImPACT validity thresholds for individuals diagnosed with ADHD.
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