Photosynthetic Microorganisms and Biogenic Synthesis of Nanomaterials for Sustainable Agriculture

Sustainable agriculture faces increasing challenges, necessitating innovative approaches to advance resource efficiency with minimal ecological consequences. One promising solution is nanobiotechnology, which takes advantage of natural systems for the eco-friendly synthesis of functional nanomaterials. Prokaryotic cyanobacteria and eukaryotic microalgae, due to their rapid growth, adaptability to diverse environments, and capacity for biosynthesis of valuable compounds, are model organisms highly suitable for medical, biotechnological, industrial, agricultural, and environmental applications. These photosynthetic microorganisms have demonstrated their efficacy in the biosynthesis of nanomaterials, which has potential benefits in various agricultural applications. The use of cyanobacteria- and microalgae-based nanomaterials in improving agricultural practices represents an emerging field of nanotechnology that requires ongoing research and responsible application management. To present a complete and timely foundation for this field, a systematic review of relevant research from the last five years was performed, exploring the contribution of cyanobacteria and microalgae to the advancement of nanobiotechnology as an efficient biotransformative tool for sustainable agriculture.