Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection01:26

Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection

14.1K
The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin...
14.1K
Sexually Transmitted Infections01:26

Sexually Transmitted Infections

2.0K
Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are diseases transmitted primarily through unsafe sexual interactions. Bacteria, viruses, or parasites cause them and can result in severe health complications if untreated.ChlamydiaThe bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis is responsible for the disease Chlamydia, the most common STI in the United States. This peculiar pathogen requires human cells to reproduce, residing intracellularly. The initial infection often goes unnoticed because it typically does not...
2.0K
Urinary Tract Infection II: Pathophysiology01:25

Urinary Tract Infection II: Pathophysiology

1.5K
The pathophysiology of urinary tract infections (UTIs) encompasses several progressive stages, beginning with bacterial colonization and culminating in potential systemic complications if untreated. UTIs are primarily initiated by bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, which often originate from the gastrointestinal tract and migrate to the urinary system through the periurethral area. This migration can occur via several routes, including improper hygiene practices, sexual activity, or...
1.5K
Development of the Oral Microbiota01:28

Development of the Oral Microbiota

65
The establishment of the oral microbiome begins before birth, challenging the long-held belief that the fetal oral cavity is sterile. The presence of oral microbes such as Streptococcus and Fusobacterium in amniotic fluid suggests that microbial exposure may occur in utero, potentially through translocation from the maternal oral or gastrointestinal tract. This early colonization primes the neonatal immune system and sets the stage for subsequent microbial succession. Maternal health,...
65
Microbiota of the Urogenital Tract01:28

Microbiota of the Urogenital Tract

53
The human urogenital system, once thought to be sterile in healthy individuals, is now recognized as a complex microbial habitat. Advancements in molecular sequencing techniques have revealed that even in healthy adults, the kidneys and bladder harbor microbial populations similar to those found in the distal urethra, albeit in much lower abundance. These resident microorganisms, while generally innocuous, can become opportunistic pathogens under conditions that alter the urogenital...
53
Herniated Intervertebral Disc l: Introduction01:29

Herniated Intervertebral Disc l: Introduction

40
Intervertebral disc herniation refers to the displacement of the nucleus pulposus (the gel-like inner core of the disc) through a tear or weakened area in the annulus fibrosus (the outer fibrous ring). The displaced disc material extends beyond the normal boundaries of the disc space and may compress or irritate nearby spinal nerve roots or, less commonly, the spinal cord.Etiology and Risk FactorsHerniation commonly results from degeneration, in which aging reduces disc hydration and...
40

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Early cesarean section complication - hematoma at the uterine incision.

Ginekologia polska·2026
Same author

Fertility, Pregnancy, and Psychological Burden in OHVIRA Syndrome: Clinical Case Study and Review of the Literature.

Journal of clinical medicine·2026
Same author

Prenatal diagnosis of a rapidly enlarging fetal chest wall tumor: a benign occurrence or a genetic abnormality marker?

Ginekologia polska·2026
Same author

Exploring the Diagnostic and Therapeutic Pathways of Women with Dyspareunia: A Mixed-Methods Study.

Journal of clinical medicine·2026
Same author

Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis and Steven-Johnson Syndrome During the Postpartum Period: A Literature Review with a Rare Case Presentation.

Journal of clinical medicine·2026
Same author

Plasmapheresis for Suspected Drug-Induced Liver Injury During Pregnancy: A Multidisciplinary Diagnostic and Therapeutic Challenge.

Journal of clinical medicine·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 5, 2026

Anogenital Distance and Perineal Measurements of the Pelvic Organ Prolapse POP Quantification System
03:49

Anogenital Distance and Perineal Measurements of the Pelvic Organ Prolapse POP Quantification System

Published on: September 20, 2018

19.5K

Cervical Infection as a Novel Risk Factor for Perineal Obstetrical Trauma: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Natalia Katarzyna Mazur-Ejankowska1,2,3, Maciej Ejankowski1,2, Piotr Wąż4

  • 1Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gynecological Oncology and Endocrine Gynecology, University Clinical Centre, Debinki 7, 80-952 Gdansk, Poland.

Journal of Clinical Medicine
|July 12, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Active cervical infection and group B Streptococcus (GBS) rectovaginal colonization during pregnancy increase the risk of perineal tears during vaginal delivery. Previous vaginal deliveries, however, appear protective against severe trauma.

Keywords:
cervical infectiongroup B Streptococcus rectovaginal colonizationperineal traumasurgical site infectionvaginal childbirth

More Related Videos

A Murine Model of Fetal Exposure to Maternal Inflammation to Study the Effects of Acute Chorioamnionitis on Newborn Intestinal Development
08:50

A Murine Model of Fetal Exposure to Maternal Inflammation to Study the Effects of Acute Chorioamnionitis on Newborn Intestinal Development

Published on: June 24, 2020

3.9K
Recurrent Escherichia coli Urinary Tract Infection Triggered by Gardnerella vaginalis Bladder Exposure in Mice
08:53

Recurrent Escherichia coli Urinary Tract Infection Triggered by Gardnerella vaginalis Bladder Exposure in Mice

Published on: December 4, 2020

6.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 5, 2026

Anogenital Distance and Perineal Measurements of the Pelvic Organ Prolapse POP Quantification System
03:49

Anogenital Distance and Perineal Measurements of the Pelvic Organ Prolapse POP Quantification System

Published on: September 20, 2018

19.5K
A Murine Model of Fetal Exposure to Maternal Inflammation to Study the Effects of Acute Chorioamnionitis on Newborn Intestinal Development
08:50

A Murine Model of Fetal Exposure to Maternal Inflammation to Study the Effects of Acute Chorioamnionitis on Newborn Intestinal Development

Published on: June 24, 2020

3.9K
Recurrent Escherichia coli Urinary Tract Infection Triggered by Gardnerella vaginalis Bladder Exposure in Mice
08:53

Recurrent Escherichia coli Urinary Tract Infection Triggered by Gardnerella vaginalis Bladder Exposure in Mice

Published on: December 4, 2020

6.3K

Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Maternal-Fetal Medicine
  • Infectious Diseases in Pregnancy

Background:

  • Perineal trauma during vaginal delivery significantly impacts women's quality of life.
  • Understanding risk factors for perineal trauma is crucial for improving obstetric outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between active cervical infection and group B Streptococcus (GBS) rectovaginal colonization and the severity of perineal trauma.
  • To identify risk and protective factors for perineal tears in women undergoing vaginal delivery.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional study of 778 women post-vaginal delivery.
  • Analysis of maternal characteristics, cervical swabs at admission, and rectovaginal swabs (35th-37th weeks gestation).
  • Comparison of perineal tear rates based on cervical infection status and GBS colonization.

Main Results:

  • Active cervical infection at admission (35.9%) and GBS colonization (prevalence not specified) were associated with increased risk of perineal tears (OR 1.54 and 1.56, respectively).
  • Higher parity (prior vaginal deliveries) was a significant protective factor (OR 0.49).
  • High birthweight, prolonged second stage of labor, and primiparity were linked to increased perineal trauma.

Conclusions:

  • Active cervical infection and GBS colonization are identified as risk factors for perineal trauma.
  • Previous vaginal deliveries confer protection against severe perineal lacerations.
  • Further research may explore interventions to mitigate infection-related risks during childbirth.