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Updated: Sep 16, 2025

A Murine Model of Stent Implantation in the Carotid Artery for the Study of Restenosis
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Drug-Eluting Stent Use in Percutaneous Coronary Interventions-A Narrative Review

Rok Arh1, Igor Balevski1, Samo Granda1

  • 1Clinical Department of Cardiology, Clinic for Internal Medicine, University Clinical Centre Maribor, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia.

Journal of Clinical Medicine
|July 12, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Coronary artery disease treatments, like drug-eluting stents, have improved but in-stent restenosis persists. The ideal approach may be personalized, combining revascularization methods, requiring further research.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Interventional Cardiology
  • Biomaterials Science

Background:

  • Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a leading global cause of death.
  • Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is a key treatment for CAD.
  • Drug-eluting stents (DES) reduced in-stent restenosis but it remains a concern.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current treatment methods for coronary artery disease.
  • To evaluate the efficacy and limitations of existing revascularization strategies.
  • To explore future directions for optimizing CAD treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on coronary revascularization techniques.
  • Analysis of advancements in stent technology, drug delivery platforms, and novel devices.
  • Assessment of clinical outcomes and comparative effectiveness of different treatments.

Main Results:

  • DES have significantly decreased restenosis rates but have not eliminated the need for revascularization.
  • Various platforms, polymers, and anti-proliferative agents show comparable non-inferior results.
  • Emerging technologies like drug-coated balloons and bioresorbable scaffolds offer alternatives but lack clear superiority.

Conclusions:

  • No single revascularization method offers a definitive advantage for all patients.
  • A personalized, combination approach to revascularization may be the future of CAD treatment.
  • Further research, including subgroup analyses and long-term follow-up, is needed to tailor treatments to specific patient populations.

Keywords:
coronary artery diseasedrug-eluting stentmammalian target of rapamycin inhibitorspercutaneous coronary interventiontaxanes

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