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Factors Related to Hypertension in Pediatric Patients Who Do Not Have Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Retrospective Chart

Alyssa Exarchakis1, Alexandra Cohen2, Penghao Wang1

  • 1Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cooper Medical School, Rowan University, 401 South Broadway, Camden, NJ 08103, USA.

Journal of Clinical Medicine
|July 12, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Pediatric hypertension without obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is linked to factors like birth weight, BMI, and certain medical conditions. Identifying these associations is crucial for early intervention and risk mitigation in children.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Cardiology
  • Sleep Medicine
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a known risk factor for hypertension in adults.
  • The association between hypertension and pediatric patients without OSA is less understood.
  • This study focuses on identifying factors contributing to hypertension in children diagnosed without OSA.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify factors associated with pediatric hypertension in children without obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).
  • To analyze demographic, anthropometric, social, and medical history data in relation to hypertension.
  • To investigate correlations between polysomnography findings and hypertension in this specific pediatric cohort.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective chart review of 285 pediatric patients (8-17 years) who underwent polysomnography.
  • Hypertension defined as BP ≥95th percentile for age, sex, and height per AAP guidelines.
  • Statistical analysis included Chi-square and Wilcoxon rank sum tests (p < 0.05 significance).

Main Results:

  • Of 137 non-OSA patients, hypertension was associated with parents in household, smoking exposure, and food allergies.
  • Significant correlations found between hypertension and birth weight, BMI, daytime heart rate, systolic BP, and diastolic BP.
  • Mental, neurological, and respiratory diseases showed significant differences; only nighttime heart rate was significant in PSG parameters.

Conclusions:

  • Pediatric hypertension without OSA is multifactorial, involving various clinical and demographic factors.
  • Associated co-morbidities and identified risk factors require further clinical attention.
  • Early identification and management of these factors can help mitigate hypertension risks in children.

Keywords:
mental illnessneurological diseasenon-OSApolysomnographyrespiratory disease

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