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New Cation Sensors Based on Eugenol-Derived Azo Dyes.

José R A Coelho¹, Ana Rita F Pacheco^2,3, Diogo C Domingues¹

¹Chemistry Centre of the University of Minho (CQ-UM), Department of Chemistry, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.

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|July 12, 2025

Summary

New eugenol-based azo dyes act as responsive colorimetric sensors for detecting metal cations like copper and lead. These bio-sourced compounds offer a visual method for monitoring toxic metal contaminants in water.

Keywords:

azo dyes cation detection colorimetric sensors eugenol phenolic compounds

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Area of Science:

Organic Chemistry
Analytical Chemistry
Materials Science

Background:

Bio-sourced compounds offer sustainable alternatives for chemical synthesis.
Azo dyes are versatile chromophores with tunable electronic properties.
Developing selective sensors for toxic metal ions is crucial for environmental monitoring.

Purpose of the Study:

To synthesize novel eugenol-derived azo dyes.
To develop responsive colorimetric sensors for metal cations.
To investigate the potential of these dyes for detecting toxic metals in aqueous environments.

Main Methods:

Synthesis of eugenol-based azo compounds.
Spectrophotometric analysis (UV-Vis) of dye-metal cation interactions.
Photophysical studies including selectivity, response time, and stability assessments.

Main Results:

Eugenol-derived azo dyes showed distinct color changes upon complexation with metal cations.
UV-Vis absorption spectra exhibited shifts indicating selective binding with copper (Cu2+) and lead (Pb2+).
The dyes demonstrated potential for naked-eye detection of target metal ions.

Conclusions:

Eugenol-based azo dyes can be effectively utilized as colorimetric sensors for metal cations.
These sensors show promise for the selective and visual detection of toxic metals in environmental samples.
Further studies will focus on optimizing sensor performance for real-world applications in water quality monitoring.