Experimental and Numerical Assessment of Sustainable Concrete Using Recycled Concrete Powder (RCP) as a Partial...

The demolition of structures generates waste that poses environmental, social, and economic challenges. This study explores the effects of incorporating recycled concrete powder (RCP) into concrete, using it as a cement substitute at levels of 0%, 20%, 25%, and 30%. We evaluated fresh properties like workability and hardened properties such as dry density, water absorption, compressive, flexural, and split tensile strength, along with non-destructive parameters and microstructural features. The study found that substituting 20% of cement with RCP does not significantly impact mechanical properties, while higher substitutions (25% and 30%) have a slightly greater effect. Notably, 20% RCP substitution resulted in a 15-18% reduction in compressive strength over 7 to 28 days. However, it also led to a 20% decrease in CO₂ emissions. A numerical analysis using nonlinear finite element analysis for flexural beam simulations further validated these results. Overall, the study promotes sustainable concrete solutions, achieving a balance between strength, environmental impact, and eco-efficiency in construction.