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Spermatogenesis is the process by which haploid sperm cells are produced in the male testes. It starts with stem cells located close to the outer rim of seminiferous tubules. These spermatogonial stem cells divide asymmetrically to give rise to additional stem cells (meaning that these structures “self-renew”), as well as sperm progenitors, called spermatocytes. Importantly, this method of asymmetric mitotic division maintains a population of spermatogonial stem cells in the male...
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During ejaculation, males release around 2-5 milliliters of semen, which is a complex mixture of mature sperm and various fluids produced by accessory glands. The mature sperm cells measure approximately 60 micrometers in length and consist of a head, neck, midpiece, and tail. The head is flattened and tapered, measuring about 4 to 5 micrometers in length. It contains a nucleus with condensed chromosomes and an acrosome, a cap-like structure filled with enzymes essential for penetrating the...
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Age-Associated Proteomic Changes in Human Spermatozoa.

Mohd Amin Beg1, Abrar Osama Ismail1,2, Ayodele Alaiya3

  • 1King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|July 12, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Aging men experience declining sperm fertility due to proteomic changes in spermatozoa. This study identified specific protein alterations linked to age, offering insights into male fertility decline and potential therapeutic targets.

Keywords:
LC-MS/MSaginghumanproteomicsspermatozoa

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive biology and proteomics
  • Male fertility and aging
  • Spermatozoa analysis

Background:

  • Advancing age is a significant factor in male infertility.
  • Limited understanding of age-related proteomic alterations in human spermatozoa.
  • Sperm proteome changes impact male reproductive health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate age-related proteomic changes in spermatozoa of fertile Arab men.
  • To identify specific proteins and pathways affected by aging.
  • To provide a molecular basis for understanding and potentially treating age-related male infertility.

Main Methods:

  • LC-MS/MS analysis of gradient-purified spermatozoa from three age groups (young, late, advanced).
  • Proteomic data processing using Progenesis QI and UniProt/SwissProt.
  • Statistical analysis for differential protein expression and functional enrichment.

Main Results:

  • Identified 588 proteins, with 93% shared across age groups.
  • Discovered unique proteins (MYLK4, PRSS57, HMGB4, KRT4, LPGAT1, OXCT2, MGRN1) specific to age groups.
  • Observed significant changes in pathways related to neurodegeneration, protein folding, metabolism, and sperm motility.

Conclusions:

  • Aging significantly alters the sperm proteome, affecting spermatogenesis, motility, and metabolism.
  • Identified proteomic signatures associated with aging provide a framework for fertility preservation strategies.
  • Molecular insights can guide the development of therapies to enhance sperm function in older men.