Jove
Visualize
Contact Us

Related Concept Videos

tRNA Activation02:26

tRNA Activation

6.9K
6.9K
Ribosome Profiling02:24

Ribosome Profiling

3.6K
Ribosome profiling or ribo-sequencing is a deep sequencing technique that produces a snapshot of active translation in a cell. It selectively sequences the mRNAs protected by ribosomes to get an insight into a cell’s translation landscape at any given point in time.
Applications of ribosome profiling
Ribosome profiling has many applications, including in vivo monitoring of translation inside a particular organ or tissue type and quantifying new protein synthesis levels.
The technique...
3.6K
T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

5.2K
T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
5.2K
Master Transcription Regulators02:23

Master Transcription Regulators

2.3K
2.3K
T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

1.4K
When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
1.4K
General Transcription Factors01:30

General Transcription Factors

5.6K
Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...
5.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Complement-Eosinophil Crosstalk Links Complement Activation to Fibrin Deposition in Eosinophilic Chronic Rhinosinusitis.

Allergy·2026
Same author

Leptin May Promote Eosinophilic CRSwNP Progression by Enhancing Eosinophil Chemotaxis and Angiogenesis Under a Type 2 Inflammatory Milieu.

International forum of allergy & rhinology·2026
Same author

Natural Killer Cell Dysfunction Causes Eosinophil Accumulation in Chronic Rhinosinusitis With Nasal Polyps.

Clinical and translational allergy·2026
Same author

Comparative Transcriptomic Analysis of Eosinophilic Chronic Rhinosinusitis With Nasal Polyps (CRSwNP) Using Nasal Tissue and Brushing Samples.

Allergy·2026
Same author

A dataset on NFKB1/NFKB2 knockout Jurkat cells and primary CD4+ T cells generated by CRISPR/Cas9 mediated gene disruption.

Data in brief·2025
Same author

Resident memory B cells are enriched in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps.

The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. Global·2024
Same journal

RETRACTED: Kim et al. The Angiogenesis Inhibitor ALS-L1023 from Lemon-Balm Leaves Attenuates High-Fat Diet-Induced Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Through Regulating the Visceral Adipose-Tissue Function. <i>Int. J. Mol. Sci.</i> 2017, <i>18</i>, 846.

International journal of molecular sciences·2026
Same journal

Correction: Mahmud et al. Thymoquinone Attenuates NF-κβ Signalling Activation in Retinal Pigment Epithelium Cells Under AMD-Mimicking Conditions. <i>Int. J. Mol. Sci.</i> 2025, <i>26</i>, 11473.

International journal of molecular sciences·2026
Same journal

Correction: Borovikov et al. The Twisting and Untwisting of Actin and Tropomyosin Filaments Are Involved in the Molecular Mechanisms of Muscle Contraction, and Their Disruption Can Result in Muscle Disorders. <i>Int. J. Mol. Sci</i>. 2025, <i>26</i>, 6705.

International journal of molecular sciences·2026
Same journal

Correction: Molagoda et al. Flavonoid Glycosides from <i>Ziziphus jujuba</i> var. <i>inermis</i> (Bunge) Rehder Seeds Inhibit α-Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone-Mediated Melanogenesis. <i>Int. J. Mol. Sci.</i> 2021, <i>22</i>, 7701.

International journal of molecular sciences·2026
Same journal

Correction: Guo et al. Integrated Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Analysis Reveals the Molecular Regulatory Mechanism of Flavonoid Biosynthesis in Maize Roots Under Lead Stress. <i>Int. J. Mol. Sci.</i> 2024, <i>25</i>, 6050.

International journal of molecular sciences·2026
Same journal

Correction: Chang et al. Improvement of Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Acute Hepatic Failure by Transplantation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Without Reprogramming Factor c-Myc. <i>Int. J. Mol. Sci.</i> 2012, <i>13</i>, 3598-3617.

International journal of molecular sciences·2026
See all related articles
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 16, 2025

In Vitro Differentiation of Human CD4+FOXP3+ Induced Regulatory T Cells (iTregs) from Na&#239;ve CD4+ T Cells Using a TGF-&#946;-containing Protocol
08:20

In Vitro Differentiation of Human CD4+FOXP3+ Induced Regulatory T Cells (iTregs) from Naïve CD4+ T Cells Using a TGF-β-containing Protocol

Published on: December 30, 2016

20.7K

Full-Length Transcriptome Sequencing Reveals Treg-Specific Isoform Expression upon Activation.

Yohei Sato1,2, Erika Osada2, Yoshinobu Manome2

  • 1Project Research Unit, Laboratory of Immune Cell Therapy, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|July 12, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) exhibit a unique isoform repertoire, including a distinct FOXP3 isoform, which is crucial for immune system regulation. This Treg-specific profile is pronounced upon T-cell receptor stimulation.

Keywords:
FOXP3Iso-seqPD-L1RNA-seqregulatory T cells (Tregs)

More Related Videos

Adenoviral Transduction of Naive CD4 T Cells to Study Treg Differentiation
15:33

Adenoviral Transduction of Naive CD4 T Cells to Study Treg Differentiation

Published on: August 13, 2013

16.0K
Generation of Induced Regulatory T Cells from Primary Human Na&#239;ve and Memory T Cells
14:23

Generation of Induced Regulatory T Cells from Primary Human Naïve and Memory T Cells

Published on: April 16, 2012

24.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 16, 2025

In Vitro Differentiation of Human CD4+FOXP3+ Induced Regulatory T Cells (iTregs) from Na&#239;ve CD4+ T Cells Using a TGF-&#946;-containing Protocol
08:20

In Vitro Differentiation of Human CD4+FOXP3+ Induced Regulatory T Cells (iTregs) from Naïve CD4+ T Cells Using a TGF-β-containing Protocol

Published on: December 30, 2016

20.7K
Adenoviral Transduction of Naive CD4 T Cells to Study Treg Differentiation
15:33

Adenoviral Transduction of Naive CD4 T Cells to Study Treg Differentiation

Published on: August 13, 2013

16.0K
Generation of Induced Regulatory T Cells from Primary Human Na&#239;ve and Memory T Cells
14:23

Generation of Induced Regulatory T Cells from Primary Human Naïve and Memory T Cells

Published on: April 16, 2012

24.3K

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • FOXP3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) are critical for immune homeostasis.
  • Human Tregs uniquely express a FOXP3 isoform lacking exon 2 (delta 2).
  • Tregs are hypothesized to possess a unique gene and isoform expression profile.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and confirm a Treg-specific isoform repertoire.
  • To investigate the role of isoform expression in Treg function.
  • To analyze differences in isoform usage between Tregs and conventional T cells (Tconvs).

Main Methods:

  • Long-read high-throughput isoform sequencing (Iso-seq) for genome-wide isoform usage analysis.
  • Comparison of isoform expression profiles between Tregs and Tconvs.
  • T-cell receptor (TCR) stimulation assays and PD-L1 antibody blockade experiments.

Main Results:

  • A unique Treg-specific isoform repertoire was identified using Iso-seq.
  • Tregs preferentially express the full-length FOXP3 isoform, unlike Tconvs.
  • Activated Tregs, but not Tconvs or non-activated Tregs, showed preferential expression of ICOS and PD-L1 upon TCR stimulation.
  • PD-L1 blockade reduced Treg suppressive function without affecting FOXP3 expression.

Conclusions:

  • Tregs possess a distinct isoform repertoire, including specific FOXP3 isoforms.
  • This unique repertoire becomes more pronounced following polyclonal TCR stimulation.
  • Isoform expression plays a significant role in Treg function and immune regulation.