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Prevalence, Risk Factors and Potential Protective Strategies for Hypomagnesemia in Kidney Transplant Recipients
Cristina Riaza Ortiz1,2, Carlos Fernández Fernández1,2, Marina Pujol Pujol1,2
1Nephrology Department, San Carlos Clinical University Hospital, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|July 12, 2025
Summary
Hypomagnesemia affects over half of kidney transplant recipients. Tacrolimus, thiazides, and cinacalcet are key risk factors, while SGLT2 inhibitors and mTOR inhibitors show protective effects.
Area of Science:
- Nephrology
- Clinical Pharmacology
- Transplantation Medicine
Background:
- Hypomagnesemia is a common electrolyte disorder in kidney transplant recipients (KTR).
- The underlying causes and risk factors for hypomagnesemia in KTR remain incompletely understood.
- Few studies have comprehensively investigated factors contributing to this condition in KTR.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the prevalence of hypomagnesemia in kidney transplant recipients.
- To identify clinical and pharmacological risk factors associated with hypomagnesemia in KTR.
- To explore potential protective factors against hypomagnesemia in this patient population.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective cross-sectional study involving 489 outpatient KTR.
- Collection of demographic, clinical, and laboratory data.
- Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses to identify associated factors.
Main Results:
- Hypomagnesemia (≤1.7 mg/dL) was observed in 50.7% of KTR.
- Risk factors included tacrolimus, thiazides, cinacalcet, low serum phosphate, low serum calcium, and diabetes.
- SGLT2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) and mTOR inhibitors (mTORi) demonstrated protective effects.
Conclusions:
- Hypomagnesemia is highly prevalent in kidney transplant recipients.
- Tacrolimus, thiazides, and cinacalcet are significant risk factors requiring careful consideration.
- SGLT2 inhibitors and mTOR inhibitors may offer benefits in managing hypomagnesemia in KTR.
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