t(4;14), and revised myeloma comorbidity index as good predictors of survival for multiple myeloma

Cytogenetic tests are essential prognostic indicators for patients diagnosed with multiple myeloma (MM). The study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of cytogenetic abnormalities and their prognostic significance in patients with newly diagnosed MM.

A cohort study involving 88 cases. Malignant plasma cells were isolated, and interphase fluorescent in situ hybridization was performed on bone marrow samples.

The gain of 1q was observed in 17 (19%) patients, followed by t(4;14) in 10 (11.5%), and the 17p or P53 mutation was found in only 6 (7%) patients. Three patients (3.5%) exhibited t(14;16). Amplification of 1q was not detected in any of the samples. The presence of t(4;14), anemia, renal disease, a revised myeloma comorbidity index (R-MCI) of 7-9, and a lack of treatment response were associated with poor progression-free survival. Additionally, t(4;14), anemia, elevated LDH, an R-MCI of 7-9, and absence of maintenance treatment correlated with decreased overall survival. In the Cox regression analysis, the presence of t(4;14) and an R-MCI of 7-9 were the most significant factors predicting worse outcomes.

The t(4;14) and RMCI are reliable predictors of poor survival in newly diagnosed MM patients.