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Updated: Sep 15, 2025

Assessing Hepatic Metabolic Changes During Progressive Colonization of Germ-free Mouse by 1H NMR Spectroscopy
Published on: December 15, 2011
Diversity and hallmarks of metabolites surveyed by MR1
1Department of Molecular Immunology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases (RIMD), Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan; Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan; Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research (CiDER), Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan.
Abstract:
Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are one of the innate T cell subset. They are known to contribute to anti-bacterial response by recognizing bacterial components with invariant TCRs which are presented on a monomorphic antigen presenting molecule, MHC related protein 1(MR1). After years of uncertainty about the molecular entity of this bacterial antigen, they were recognized as vitamin B metabolites in 2012, and identified as 5-OP-RU in 2014. Recently, MR1 was found to contain a broad ligand-binding pocket, allowing recognition of compounds with various structures. In this review article, we will summarize the history of MR1 ligand discovery and discuss the potential new ligand structures that may uncover previously-unappreciated MAIT cell functions.
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