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Reducing State Anxiety Using Working Memory Maintenance

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Cardiovascular responses to mental fatigue in a sequential task paradigm.

Ugo Place¹, Pierre-Vincent Paubel², Rémi L Capa³

¹University of Toulouse Jean Jaures, CERPPS Laboratory, Toulouse, France.

International Journal of Psychophysiology : Official Journal of the International Organization of Psychophysiology

|July 12, 2025

Summary

Mental fatigue increases perceived task difficulty, leading to reduced effort investment even without performance decline. Cardiovascular measures and Motivational Intensity Theory offer key insights into mental fatigue dynamics.

Keywords:

Cardiovascular reactivity Effort intensity Mental fatigue Pre-ejection period Working memory

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Area of Science:

Psychology
Cognitive Science
Human Physiology

Background:

Mental fatigue is a common experience affecting cognitive performance.
Motivational Intensity Theory posits effort is proportional to task difficulty and success probability.
Cardiovascular measures can objectively reflect effort investment and fatigue.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the effects of prior mental exertion on subsequent task effort and performance.
To examine cardiovascular responses (PEP, HR reactivity) as indicators of mental fatigue.
To test predictions from Motivational Intensity Theory in a sequential task paradigm.

Main Methods:

Forty-two undergraduates were divided into a fatigue group (prior difficult task) and a control group (documentary).
Both groups performed an identical subsequent difficult task.
Subjective fatigue, task performance, and cardiovascular responses (PEP, HR) were measured.

Main Results:

The fatigue group reported higher subjective fatigue and lower effort intensity (reduced PEP and HR reactivity) during the subsequent task.
No significant differences in performance on the subsequent task were observed between groups.
Prior mental exertion influenced perceived effort and physiological responses, not necessarily performance.

Conclusions:

Prior difficult tasks can increase perceived difficulty of subsequent tasks, leading to reduced effort investment.
Motivational Intensity Theory provides a useful framework for understanding reduced effort in mental fatigue.
Integrating cardiovascular measures with theoretical models offers a more comprehensive understanding of mental fatigue than performance data alone.