Related Experiment Video
Updated: Sep 15, 2025

Tailoring In Vivo Cytotoxicity Assays to Study Immunodominance in Tumor-specific CD8+ T Cell Responses
Published on: May 6, 2019
GZMK+CD8+ T cells: multifaceted roles beyond cytotoxicity
Cui-Lian Guo1, Chong-Shu Wang1, Xiang-Hong Wang1
1Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngologic and Ophthalmic Diseases, Wuhan, China; Hubei Clinical Research Center for Nasal Inflammatory Diseases, Wuhan, China.
None:
CD8+ T cells, traditionally recognized for their cytotoxic role in eliminating infections and malignancies, are now known to exhibit significant functional heterogeneity, as revealed by single-cell genomics. Among these, granzyme-K-expressing (GZMK+) CD8+ T cells represent a distinct subset characterized by low cytotoxicity but heightened proinflammatory activity, by contrast with their granzyme-B-expressing (GZMB+) counterparts with high cytotoxicity. GZMK+CD8+ T cells are often more abundant in inflammatory diseases, cancer, and age-related inflammation (inflammaging). These cells interact with stromal cells, activate the complement cascade, and perpetuate inflammation, highlighting their emerging therapeutic significance. We review the latest advances in the biology and pathological roles of GZMK+CD8+ T cells, and discuss the potential of targeting their dysregulated activities to treat chronic inflammation and malignancies.
Related Concept Videos
Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
T Cell Types and Functions
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
Cell-mediated Immune Responses
Cells of the Innate Immune Response
Phagocytes
Phagocytes police the peripheral tissues by removing cellular debris and responding to the invasion of foreign substances or pathogens. Many phagocytes attack and remove microorganisms even before lymphocytes detect them. The human body has two general...
Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...

