Gravitational catalysis of nuclear synthesis from positrons, electrons and neutrinos

This article presents a model which describes the catalytic gravitational action between positrons, electrons and ambient neutrinos for the generation of quarks, protons and neutrons, i.e. for the generation of visible matter. This gravitational catalysis model, termed the Rotating Lepton Model (RLM), contains no adjustable parameters and leads to quantitative agreement with the experimental hadron and boson mass values. Thus, the article examines three gravitating neutrinos rotating on a circle around a positron or electron or neutrino and shows that, surprisingly, the three rotating neutrinos reach highly relativistic speeds with a concomitant dramatic relativistic increase in their masses which thus increase from the meV/c² range and reach the mass range of quarks and hadrons, i.e. the GeV/c² range. Using this Rotating Lepton Model (RLM) one finds that the total mass of the rotating neutrino trio equals the mass of a baryon, e.g. of a neutron if the central particle is a neutrino, or of a proton if the central particle is a positron. This simple hadronization mechanism shows the feasibility of electron-positron catalyzed neutrino hadronization which is extremely exothermic and which may have played and continues to play a significant role in the history of our Universe. In this way, positrons and electrons can accelerate ambient neutrinos to super-relativistic speeds, thus causing a very strong increase in their masses which reach those of quarks, and a concomitant dramatic relativistic increase in their gravitational attraction which reaches the value of the Strong Force. Whereas catalysis in chemistry and biology is based on electrostatic forces, in the present case of catalysis in nuclear physics, the neutrino conversion to quarks and hadrons is based on gravitational forces, computed via the brilliant legacy of Newton, Einstein, De Broglie and Bohr.