Influence of social networks on self-image and lifestyle in postpartum women: a systematic scoping review

Postpartum is a critical phase for women's health, characterized by physical, psychological, and social changes. Social networks have emerged as a predominant communication channel, offering support and quick access to information about motherhood. However, their use can also negatively influence body image and dietary behavior, especially in a context of pro-slimness beauty standards. Postpartum women are particularly vulnerable to body dissatisfaction, but there are still few studies that specifically analyze the impact of social networks at this stage. This scoping review aims to map and describe the available evidence on how the possible influence of exposure to social media content on body image perception and the adoption of eating and exercise-related habits in women during the postpartum period has been investigated.

This scoping review was conducted following the PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews) guidelines, adapted for exploratory reviews. We searched for studies published in the last 10-years in databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, and BVS, using terms related to social networks, body image, diet, exercise, and the postpartum period. Eight studies were included after applying eligibility criteria based on the PIO framework. An assessment of the quality of methodological reporting was performed using best practice guidelines such as SRQR, STROBE, CONSORT, and PRISMA, for descriptive purposes.

We analyzed 8 studies suggesting that social networks may negatively influence the body image, eating and exercise habits of postpartum women. The publications represent unrealistic aesthetic standards, associated with body dissatisfaction, restrictive diets, and intensive exercise, with prevalent nutritional misinformation. Although positive messages of body acceptance were identified, they were scarce, suggesting the need for regulation and media education.

Social networks could exert a relevant influence on women's body image and self-care habits in the postpartum period, promoting unrealistic aesthetic standards that could have a negative impact on their physical and emotional well-being. It is essential to implement media literacy strategies, promote inclusive content, and regulate misinformation on these platforms to mitigate their adverse effects and promote a healthy and sustainable recovery.