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Targeting antioxidant pathways for improved tolerance to chromium exposure.

Sabeeha Bashir1, Showkat Ahmad Bhat1, Rayees Ahmad Rather1

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Area of Science:

  • Plant biotechnology
  • Environmental science
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Functional genomics enables engineering plants for heavy metal tolerance.
  • The ascorbate-glutathione (AsA-GSH) pathway is crucial for managing oxidative stress in plants.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate chromium stress response in tomato transgenic plants overexpressing key genes of the AsA-GSH pathway.
  • To assess the potential of these transgenic plants for phytoremediation.

Main Methods:

  • Overexpression of ascorbate peroxidase (APX), MDHAR, DHAR, GR, and SOD genes in tomato.
  • Exposure of transgenic and wild-type (WT) plants to 100 µM potassium dichromate (Cr stress).
  • Analysis of physiological parameters, pigment content, osmolytes, MDA, ROS, gene expression, and chromium accumulation.

Main Results:

  • Transgenic tomato plants exhibited higher carotenoid and anthocyanin levels, improved photosynthesis, transpiration, and stomatal conductance under chromium stress.
  • Increased osmolytes and phenolics, reduced electrolyte leakage, MDA, and ROS were observed in transgenic lines.
  • Transgenic plants showed higher chromium accumulation in leaves and roots with fewer deformities compared to WT.

Conclusions:

  • Overexpression of the AsA-GSH pathway enhances chromium tolerance in tomato.
  • Transgenic tomato lines are suitable candidates for phytoremediation of chromium-contaminated environments.