Biologically Active Compounds of Malaysian Medicinal and Aromatic Plants

This contribution provides a comprehensive review of the biologically active compounds present in 21 high-value medicinal and aromatic plant species from Malaysia, with a particular focus on their phytochemical diversity and biological activities. Several plants, including well-known species such as Eurycoma longifolia, Andrographis paniculata, Morinda citrifolia, Centella asiatica, and Moringa oleifera, have been designated as high-priority herbal products under Malaysia's National Key Economic Area (NKEA) in the Eleventh Malaysia Plan (RMK-11). Their significance extends beyond traditional uses in herbal medicine, as they are being recognized increasingly for their potential to contribute to the national economy and modern healthcare solutions. The compilation provided describes the pharmacological properties of these plants, highlighting their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and cytotoxic activities, among others. Additionally, the aromatic plants Clinacanthus nutans, Cananga odorata, Citrus hystrix, and Polygonum minus are included in terms of their bioactive compounds produced and their potential therapeutic and industrial applications. By highlighting the relevant current research, this compilation aims to provide valuable insight for researchers, policymakers, and industry stakeholders, in terms of enhancing the understanding of both the therapeutic potential of these plants and their possible future contributions to healthcare and sustainable economic development.