Polysaccharide-based nanomaterials and hydrogels for antibiofilm and wound healing applications

Polysaccharide-based nanomaterials and hydrogels have emerged as a promising class of biomaterials in medical applications due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, and enhanced functional properties. This review presents an update on recent advancements in the application of polysaccharide-based nanomaterials and hydrogel systems for antibiofilm and wound healing purposes. The persistent challenge of biofilm-associated infections and the need for effective wound healing strategies have driven significant research into these innovative materials. We examine various types of polysaccharides such as chitin, chitosan, alginate, hyaluronic acid, cellulose, pectin, pullulan, carrageenan, xanthan gum, and their functionalization with nanoparticles and hydrogels to enhance antibiofilm efficacy and promote wound healing. This review explores the mechanisms by which these materials disrupt biofilms, inhibit microbial growth, and facilitate wound healing. Furthermore, we highlight the latest in vitro, in vivo studies, clinical trials, and potential commercial applications providing insights into future research directions. Through this comprehensive review, we aim to underscore the progress and future prospects of polysaccharide-based nanomaterials and hydrogels in combating biofilm-related infections and enhancing wound healing outcomes.