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Related Concept Videos

Combinatorial Gene Control02:33

Combinatorial Gene Control

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Combinatorial gene control is the synergistic action of several transcriptional factors to regulate the expression of a single gene. The absence of one or more of these factors may lead to a significant difference in the level of gene expression or repression.
The expression of more than 30,000 genes is controlled by approximately 2000-3000 transcription factors. This is possible because a single transcription factor can recognize more than one regulatory sequence. The specificity in gene...
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GTPases and their Regulation02:14

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Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G-proteins), also known as GTPases, are a superfamily of proteins that regulate many cellular processes, such as cell signaling, vesicular transport, and the regulation of cell shape and motility. Mutation or dysfunction of these proteins can lead to disease. There are around 40,000 known G-proteins that can broadly be classified into two groups ‒  small G-proteins consisting of a single domain and large multi-domain G-proteins.
Large G-proteins,...
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Master Transcription Regulators02:23

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Master transcription regulators are regulatory proteins that are predominantly responsible for regulating the expression of multiple genes. Often these genes work in concert to drive a  complex process. Activation of a master transcription regulator can lead to a cascade of transcriptional activation necessary for that outcome. These regulators can directly bind to the regulatory sequences of the various genes involved, or they can indirectly regulate transcription by binding to regulatory...
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Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

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Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
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Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing02:41

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In eukaryotic cells, nascent mRNA transcripts need to undergo many post-transcriptional modifications to reach the cell cytoplasm and translate into functional proteins. For a long time, transcription and pre-mRNA processing were considered two independent events that occur sequentially in the cell. However, it has now been well established that transcription and pre-mRNA processing are two simultaneous processes that are precisely regulated inside the cell.
The chromatin structure, especially...
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Cooperative Binding of Transcription Regulators02:13

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Transcriptional regulators bind to specific cis-regulatory sequences in the DNA to regulate gene transcription. These cis-regulatory sequences are very short, usually less than ten nucleotide pairs in length. The short length means that there is a high probability of the exact same sequence randomly occurring throughout the genome.  Since regulators can also bind to groups of similar sequences, this further increases the chances of random binding. Transcriptional regulators form...
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Updated: Sep 15, 2025

Single-Molecule Fluorescence Visualization of DNA Polymerase Dynamics at G-Quadruplexes
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Single-Molecule Fluorescence Visualization of DNA Polymerase Dynamics at G-Quadruplexes

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G-Quadruplexes in Gene Regulation and Cellular Function.

Qi Wen1, Lijin Guo1, Farhad Bordbar1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, & Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Agriculture, & Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding & key lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.

Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews. RNA
|July 14, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

G-quadruplexes (G4s), unique DNA and RNA structures, impact vital cellular processes like replication and transcription. Understanding G4 structure is key to developing new treatments for diseases like cancer.

Keywords:
G‐quadruplexdiseasesfunctionstructure

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A G-quadruplex DNA-affinity Approach for Purification of Enzymatically Active G4 Resolvase1
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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • G-quadruplexes (G4s) are non-canonical nucleic acid structures formed by guanine-rich sequences in DNA and RNA.
  • These structures are prevalent in crucial genomic regions such as telomeres and promoter regions.
  • G4 formation and stability are influenced by sequence, strand orientation, and loop structures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive analysis of the factors determining G-quadruplex structure.
  • To elucidate the impact of G4 structures on diverse biological processes.
  • To explore the potential of G4s in disease treatment strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and analysis of existing research on G-quadruplexes.
  • Structural analysis of G-quadruplexes based on sequence and environmental factors.
  • Functional analysis linking G4s to biological processes and diseases.

Main Results:

  • G-quadruplex structural diversity arises from variations in strand orientation, glycosidic bond angles, and loop configurations.
  • G4s play critical roles in telomere maintenance, DNA replication, transcription, and epigenetic regulation.
  • G4s are implicated in the pathogenesis of cancers and viral infections.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding G-quadruplex structure-function relationships is crucial for deciphering their biological roles.
  • G-quadruplexes represent promising therapeutic targets for various diseases, including cancer.
  • Further research into G4s can lead to novel strategies for disease intervention and treatment.