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Understanding the population structure of Moraxella catarrhalis using core genome multilocus sequence typing (cgMLST)
Iman Yassine1, Keith A Jolley2, James E Bray2
1Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford.
Biorxiv : the Preprint Server for Biology
|July 14, 2025
Summary
Moraxella catarrhalis has two distinct lineages, seroresistant (SR) and serosensitive (SS), with different evolutionary paths and virulence factors. This study developed a new typing scheme to differentiate these important bacterial lineages.
Area of Science:
- Microbiology
- Evolutionary Biology
- Genomics
Background:
- Moraxella catarrhalis causes significant respiratory and ear infections.
- Previous research identified seroresistant (SR) and serosensitive (SS) lineages with varying virulence.
- The evolutionary relationship and classification of these lineages remained unclear.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the population structure of Moraxella catarrhalis.
- To develop a robust typing scheme for differentiating SR and SS lineages.
- To understand the evolutionary trajectories and genetic diversity within M. catarrhalis.
Main Methods:
- Development of a core-genome multilocus sequence typing (cgMLST) scheme using 1,319 core genes.
- Creation of a life identification number (LIN) barcode classification system.
- Whole-genome analyses of nearly 2,000 M. catarrhalis genomes.
Main Results:
- Confirmation of two divergent SR and SS M. catarrhalis lineages with distinct evolutionary paths.
- SR genomes showed higher conservation, while SS genomes displayed greater genetic variability.
- Lineage-specific variations in virulence genes (UspA1, UspA2, LOS) and presence of beta-lactamase and bacteriocin genes were observed.
Conclusions:
- The developed cgMLST and LIN system effectively characterizes M. catarrhalis and distinguishes SR and SS lineages.
- This provides a unified framework for population structure analysis and understanding evolutionary complexity.
- The open-access resource facilitates high-resolution genomic studies for the scientific community.
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