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Epstein-Barr Virus-Induced Minimal Change Disease: A Cause of Nephrotic Syndrome in Infectious Mononucleosis

Srijeet Ghatak1, Prapa Bose2

  • 1Gastroenterology, Ealing Hospital, Croydon, GBR.

Cureus
|July 14, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) can cause infectious mononucleosis (IM) with rare kidney complications like nephrotic syndrome. Prompt steroid treatment for EBV-associated minimal change disease is effective.

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Virology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Infectious mononucleosis (IM), a common illness caused by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), usually resolves without lasting effects.
  • While kidney issues can occur with IM, severe conditions like acute kidney injury (AKI) and nephrotic syndrome are infrequent.
  • Minimal change disease (MCD) is a primary cause of nephrotic syndrome, particularly in children and young adults.

Observation:

  • This report details an 18-year-old woman diagnosed with EBV-induced IM.
  • The patient developed nephrotic syndrome secondary to minimal change disease (MCD).

Findings:

  • The case demonstrates a rare instance of EBV-induced minimal change disease (MCD) leading to nephrotic syndrome.
  • The patient exhibited a significant and rapid positive response to corticosteroid treatment.

Implications:

  • This case underscores the importance of including EBV in the differential diagnosis for patients presenting with minimal change nephropathy.
  • Early consideration of viral etiologies like EBV can guide timely and appropriate management of nephrotic syndrome.
  • Further research may elucidate the mechanisms linking EBV infection to glomerular diseases like MCD.
Keywords:
epstein-barr virusinfectious mononucleosis (im)kissing diseaseprimary nephrotic syndromeproteinurea

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