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Updated: Sep 15, 2025

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Addressing chronic visual hallucination by multimodal retinal imaging: a CBS case.

Yvonne O'Neill1, Alessandro Arrigo1, Paulo-Eduardo Stanga2

  • 1The Retina Clinic London, London, UK.

Therapeutic Advances in Ophthalmology
|July 14, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Charles Bonnet syndrome (CBS) causes visual hallucinations in people with vision loss. This case highlights diagnostic challenges and the need for greater awareness among healthcare professionals.

Keywords:
Charles Bonnet syndromeage-related macular degenerationhallucinationsvisually impaired

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Charles Bonnet syndrome (CBS) involves visual hallucinations in individuals with significant visual impairment.
  • It is often underdiagnosed due to diagnostic challenges and patient reluctance to report symptoms.

Observation:

  • An 82-year-old woman with age-related macular degeneration experienced visual hallucinations for over 10 years.
  • Hallucinations ranged from simple geometric shapes to complex figures.

Findings:

  • A literature review and case report confirmed the diagnosis of CBS based on visual impairment and hallucination characteristics.
  • No specific treatment was required; reassurance was provided that hallucinations were benign.

Implications:

  • Increased awareness of CBS among healthcare professionals is crucial for earlier recognition and accurate diagnosis.
  • Differentiating CBS from psychiatric or neurological disorders is essential to avoid misdiagnosis and unnecessary treatments.
  • Educating the public and professionals about the diverse presentations of CBS can reduce patient anxiety and improve management.