Influence of Psychological Stress in Development of Periodontal Pocket in Young Adults

Psychological stress has been implicated as a contributing factor in periodontal disease. Chronic stress may alter immune response and increase susceptibility to periodontitis. This study aims to evaluate the influence of psychological stress on the development of periodontal pockets in young adults.

A cross-sectional study was conducted among 120 young adults aged 18-30 years. Participants were divided into two groups based on their stress levels, determined using the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS): high-stress group (PSS score ≥ 20) and low-stress group (PSS score < 20). Clinical parameters, including the presence and depth of periodontal pockets, plaque index (PI), and bleeding on probing (BOP), were recorded. Stress levels were correlated with periodontal parameters using statistical analysis, including the Chi-square test and Pearson correlation.

The mean periodontal pocket depth in the high-stress group was 4.2 ± 0.8 mm, significantly higher than the low-stress group (2.8 ± 0.6 mm; P < 0.01). The prevalence of periodontal pockets was 72% in the high-stress group compared to 45% in the low-stress group. The plaque index and bleeding on probing were also significantly higher in the high-stress group (P < 0.05). A positive correlation (r = 0.62; P < 0.01) was observed between stress levels and periodontal pocket depth.

Psychological stress significantly influences the development and severity of periodontal pockets in young adults. High-stress levels are associated with increased periodontal pocket depth and poor periodontal health. Stress management interventions may play a role in periodontal disease prevention and management.