Comparative Study on the Durability of Stainless Steel Crowns vs. Zirconia Crowns for Pediatric Use

The durability of dental crowns is critical in pediatric dentistry to ensure long-term functionality and esthetics. Stainless steel crowns (SSCs) have been a staple in restorative pediatric dentistry, while zirconia crowns (ZCs) have emerged as an esthetic alternative.

A total of 100 pediatric patients aged 4-8 years were included in the study and randomly divided into two groups: SSC (n = 50) and ZC (n = 50). Crowns were placed on primary molars requiring full-coverage restorations. Durability was evaluated over 12 months based on retention, marginal integrity, wear resistance, and fracture rates. Standardized clinical protocols were followed for crown placement and follow-up assessments at 3, 6, and 12 months. Data were statistically analyzed using a paired t-test and Chi-square test, with a significance level set at P < 0.05.

The retention rate after 12 months was 98% for SSCs and 92% for ZCs (P = 0.04). Marginal integrity remained optimal in 96% of SSCs and 88% of ZCs (P = 0.02). Wear resistance scores were comparable between the groups, with mean values of 8.5 ± 0.4 for SSCs and 8.2 ± 0.5 for ZCs (P = 0.21). Fracture rates were higher in ZCs, with 10% showing significant cracks or failure compared with 2% in SSCs (P = 0.03).

Stainless steel crowns demonstrated superior durability in terms of retention, marginal integrity, and fracture resistance compared with zirconia crowns. Although zirconia crowns offer esthetic advantages, their higher fracture rates may limit their use in high-stress applications.