Comparative Analysis of Retention in Different Attachment Systems for Implant-Supported Overdentures

Implant-retained overdentures have become a popular choice in prosthodontics, providing enhanced stability and comfort for edentulous patients. The retention and stability of these overdentures largely depend on the attachment system used. A total of 60 edentulous patients requiring mandibular implant-retained overdentures were selected and divided into three groups (n = 20 per group) based on the attachment system: Group A (ball attachments), Group B (bar attachments), and Group C (locator attachments). Each patient received two mandibular implants to support their overdenture. Retention force was measured using a dynamometer at baseline, and follow-up measurements were conducted at 3 months and 6 months. Patient satisfaction was also assessed using a standardized questionnaire focusing on retention, comfort, and overall satisfaction.

At baseline, Group A (ball attachment) showed an average retention force of 8.2 ± 0.4 N, Group B (bar attachment) demonstrated 10.5 ± 0.6 N, and Group C (locator attachment) showed 9.8 ± 0.5 N. After 6 months, retention decreased slightly in all groups, with final values of 7.8 ± 0.5 N in Group A, 10.0 ± 0.4 N in Group B, and 9.5 ± 0.3 N in Group C. Patient satisfaction scores were highest in Group B (bar attachment) with an average score of 8.9/10, followed by Group C (locator attachment) with 8.5/10, and Group A (ball attachment) with 7.8/10. Statistical analysis showed a significant difference in retention and satisfaction between the bar attachment group and the other groups (P < 0.05).

Among the attachment systems studied, the bar attachment provided the highest retention force and patient satisfaction, followed by the locator attachment. The ball attachment, while effective, showed comparatively lower retention and satisfaction scores.