Effect of Scaling and Root Planing on Surface Characteristics of Different Dental Implant Materials

Dental implants have become a cornerstone in modern dentistry for replacing missing teeth. However, peri-implant diseases remain a challenge, necessitating effective therapeutic strategies. Scaling and root planing (SRP) is widely used to manage peri-implant inflammation. This study aims to evaluate the effect of SRP on the surface characteristics of different dental implant materials, including titanium, zirconia, and polyetheretherketone (PEEK).

Thirty dental implant specimens were divided into three groups based on material type: titanium (n = 10), zirconia (n = 10), and PEEK (n = 10). Each group underwent SRP using hand scalers and ultrasonic scalers. Surface roughness (Ra) was measured using a profilometer before and after SRP. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was utilized to analyze qualitative changes in surface morphology. Statistical analysis was performed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) to compare pre- and post-SRP changes among the groups.

The titanium group showed a significant increase in surface roughness (mean Ra from 0.75 μm to 1.15 μm, P < 0.05), while zirconia exhibited minimal changes (mean Ra from 0.50 μm to 0.52 μm, P > 0.05). PEEK demonstrated moderate alterations (mean Ra from 0.60 μm to 0.80 μm, P < 0.05). SEM images revealed visible scratches and material loss on titanium and PEEK surfaces, whereas zirconia surfaces remained relatively intact.

SRP significantly affects the surface characteristics of dental implant materials, with titanium and PEEK being more susceptible to alterations compared to zirconia. Careful consideration of the implant material is necessary to minimize potential surface damage and maintain long-term implant stability. Further studies are needed to optimize SRP techniques for different materials.