Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Radiation Pressure: Problem Solving01:09

Radiation Pressure: Problem Solving

462
The radiation pressure applied by an electromagnetic wave on a perfectly absorbing surface equals the energy density of the wave. The wave's momentum also gets transferred to the surface when an electromagnetic wave is entirely absorbed by it. The rate at which momentum is transmitted to an absorbing surface perpendicular to the propagation direction equals the force on the surface.
The average value of the rate of momentum transfer divided by the absorbing area represents the average force...
462
Temperature Measurement Sites01:14

Temperature Measurement Sites

2.2K
A thermometer measures body temperature. The common sites for measuring body temperature are the oral cavity, axillary region, temporal artery, and skin surface, such as the forehead, abdomen, and axilla. True core body temperature is assessed in the rectum, tympanic membrane, pulmonary artery, esophagus, and urinary bladder.
Oral: When assessing oral temperature, the thermometer tip should be placed under the tongue in the posterior sublingual pocket. It offers accurate readings and can be...
2.2K
Flame Photometry: Lab01:16

Flame Photometry: Lab

368
In a flame photometer, when a solution like potassium chloride is aspirated into the flame, the solvent evaporates, leaving behind dehydrated salt. This salt dissociates into free gaseous atoms in their ground state. Some of these atoms absorb energy from the flame, leading to their excitation. The excited atoms return to the ground state, emitting photons at characteristic wavelengths. Because only electronic transitions are involved, the resulting emission lines are very narrow. The intensity...
368
IR Spectrometers01:25

IR Spectrometers

1.5K
There are two main infrared (IR) spectrophotometers: dispersive IR spectrometers and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers. In a dispersive IR spectrometer, a beam of infrared radiation produced by a hot wire is divided into two parallel equal-intensity beams using mirrors. One beam passes through the sample, while another is a reference beam. The beams then move through the monochromator, which separates the radiations into a continuous spectrum of different frequencies. The...
1.5K
UV–Vis Spectroscopy: Beer–Lambert Law01:09

UV–Vis Spectroscopy: Beer–Lambert Law

4.2K
The Beer-Lambert law describes the relationship between absorbance and concentration, which combines the principles established by scientists Johann Heinrich Lambert and August Beer. Lambert's law states that when light passes through a medium, the loss in intensity is directly proportional to the original intensity and the path length of the light. Beer's law proposed that the transmittance of a solution remains constant if the product of concentration and path length is constant. The...
4.2K
Calculation of Electric Flux01:25

Calculation of Electric Flux

2.2K
Consider the electric field of an oppositely charged, parallel-plate system and an imaginary box between those plates. Let the bottom face of the box be ABCD, and the top face be FGHK. The electric field between the plates is uniform and points from the positive plate toward the negative plate. The calculation of this field's flux through the box's various faces shows that the net flux through the box is zero. Why does the flux cancel out here?
2.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Solar-Cycle Variability Results from the <i>Solar Radiation and Climate Experiment</i> (SORCE) Mission.

Solar physics·2022
Same author

Overview of the <i>Solar Radiation and Climate Experiment</i> (SORCE) Seventeen-Year Mission.

Solar physics·2021
Same author

Science Highlights and Final Updates from 17 Years of Total Solar Irradiance Measurements from the <i>SOlar Radiation and Climate Experiment</i>/<i>Total Irradiance Monitor</i> (SORCE/TIM).

Solar physics·2021
Same author

On the Lessons Learned from the Operations of the ERBE Nonscanner Instrument in Space and the Production of the Nonscanner TOA Radiation Budget Dataset.

IEEE transactions on geoscience and remote sensing : a publication of the IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Society·2021
Same author

The solar magnetic activity band interaction and instabilities that shape quasi-periodic variability.

Nature communications·2015

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 15, 2025

Indoor Experimental Assessment of the Efficiency and Irradiance Spot of the Achromatic Doublet on Glass ADG Fresnel Lens for Concentrating Photovoltaics
09:00

Indoor Experimental Assessment of the Efficiency and Irradiance Spot of the Achromatic Doublet on Glass ADG Fresnel Lens for Concentrating Photovoltaics

Published on: October 27, 2017

9.0K

Solar irradiance measurements.

Greg Kopp1

  • 1Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, 80303 USA.

Living Reviews in Solar Physics
|July 14, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Solar irradiance measurements since 1978 reveal solar cycle variations and help understand climate impacts. Modern instruments aim for climate-driven accuracy to detect long-term solar trends.

Keywords:
Earth-energy balanceSSISolar climate data recordSolar constantSolar insolationSolar irradianceSolar radiometrySpectral solar irradianceTSITop-of-atmosphere fluxTotal solar irradiance

More Related Videos

X-ray Beam Induced Current Measurements for Multi-Modal X-ray Microscopy of Solar Cells
10:16

X-ray Beam Induced Current Measurements for Multi-Modal X-ray Microscopy of Solar Cells

Published on: August 20, 2019

14.0K
Measurement of Aerosols Optical Thickness of the Atmosphere using the GLOBE Handheld Sun Photometer
06:27

Measurement of Aerosols Optical Thickness of the Atmosphere using the GLOBE Handheld Sun Photometer

Published on: May 29, 2019

8.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 15, 2025

Indoor Experimental Assessment of the Efficiency and Irradiance Spot of the Achromatic Doublet on Glass ADG Fresnel Lens for Concentrating Photovoltaics
09:00

Indoor Experimental Assessment of the Efficiency and Irradiance Spot of the Achromatic Doublet on Glass ADG Fresnel Lens for Concentrating Photovoltaics

Published on: October 27, 2017

9.0K
X-ray Beam Induced Current Measurements for Multi-Modal X-ray Microscopy of Solar Cells
10:16

X-ray Beam Induced Current Measurements for Multi-Modal X-ray Microscopy of Solar Cells

Published on: August 20, 2019

14.0K
Measurement of Aerosols Optical Thickness of the Atmosphere using the GLOBE Handheld Sun Photometer
06:27

Measurement of Aerosols Optical Thickness of the Atmosphere using the GLOBE Handheld Sun Photometer

Published on: May 29, 2019

8.1K

Area of Science:

  • Earth and Space Science
  • Solar Physics
  • Climate Science

Background:

  • The Sun is the primary energy source for Earth's climate system.
  • Solar irradiance has been precisely measured from space since 1978, covering multiple solar cycles.
  • Understanding solar variability is crucial for climate modeling and predicting long-term trends.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To detail the capabilities and methodologies of space-borne solar irradiance instruments.
  • To summarize solar irradiance measurements and variability across different timescales.
  • To discuss future directions and climate-driven requirements for solar irradiance monitoring.

Main Methods:

  • Continuous space-borne radiometric measurements of total solar irradiance (TSI) since 1978.
  • Spectrally resolved irradiance measurements (UV, near-UV to near-IR) since 1979 and 2003.
  • Analysis of solar-activity proxies and models for longer timescales.

Main Results:

  • Total solar irradiance (TSI) exhibits short-term (days) and solar-cycle related variations (~0.1%).
  • Spectral irradiance measurements reveal solar cycle variability.
  • Modern instruments are approaching climate-driven accuracy for detecting long-term solar trends.

Conclusions:

  • Space-borne measurements provide accurate data on solar irradiance variability.
  • Solar variability influences Earth's climate system at various timescales.
  • Continued, precise measurements are essential for understanding solar impacts on climate.